A unique Ni2+ ‐dependent and methylglyoxal‐inducible rice glyoxalase I possesses a single active site and functions in abiotic stress response |
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Authors: | Amit K. Tripathi Charanpreet Kaur Akshay K. Ganguly Neel S. Bhavesh Jayant K. Tripathi Ashwani Pareek Sudhir K. Sopory Sneh L. Singla‐Pareek |
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Affiliation: | 1. Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, , New Delhi, 110067 India;2. Structural and Computational Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, , New Delhi, 110067 India;3. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, , New Delhi, 110067 India;4. Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, , New Delhi, 110067 India |
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Abstract: | The glyoxalase system constitutes the major pathway for the detoxification of metabolically produced cytotoxin methylglyoxal (MG) into a non‐toxic metabolite d ‐lactate. Glyoxalase I (GLY I) is an evolutionarily conserved metalloenzyme requiring divalent metal ions for its activity: Zn2+ in the case of eukaryotes or Ni2+ for enzymes of prokaryotic origin. Plant GLY I proteins are part of a multimember family; however, not much is known about their physiological function, structure and metal dependency. In this study, we report a unique GLY I (OsGLYI‐11.2) from Oryza sativa (rice) that requires Ni2+ for its activity. Its biochemical, structural and functional characterization revealed it to be a monomeric enzyme, possessing a single Ni2+ coordination site despite containing two GLY I domains. The requirement of Ni2+ as a cofactor by an enzyme involved in cellular detoxification suggests an essential role for this otherwise toxic heavy metal in the stress response. Intriguingly, the expression of OsGLYI‐11.2 was found to be highly substrate inducible, suggesting an important mode of regulation for its cellular levels. Heterologous expression of OsGLYI‐11.2 in Escherichia coli and model plant Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) resulted in improved adaptation to various abiotic stresses caused by increased scavenging of MG, lower Na+/K+ ratio and maintenance of reduced glutathione levels. Together, our results suggest interesting links between MG cellular levels, its detoxification by GLY I, and Ni2+ – the heavy metal cofactor of OsGLYI‐11.2, in relation to stress response and adaptation in plants. |
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Keywords: | glyoxalase  I nickel‐dependent enzyme stress response stress tolerance glutathione abiotic stresses methylglyoxal Oryza sativa  L |
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