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Proteolytic cleavage of the cell surface protein p160 is required for detachment of the fertilization envelope in the sea urchin
Authors:Haley Sheila A  Wessel Gary M
Affiliation:Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
Abstract:Sea urchin eggs secrete a serine protease activity, CGSP1, at fertilization that is essential for the block to polyspermy. Several targets of this proteolytic activity on the plasma membrane were identified here using a cell surface biotinylation approach. Amino acid microsequencing of one of these proteins led to the identification of a 4.75-kb cDNA clone from a Strongylocentrotus purpuratus ovary cDNA library that encodes a 160-kDa protein called p160. This protein contains five CUB domains and a putative transmembrane domain suggesting that p160 is an integral membrane protein with protein-protein interaction motifs facing the extracellular matrix of the egg. Whole-mount immunolocalization studies demonstrate that p160 is on the surface of the egg, enriched at the tips of microvilli. The protein is removed at fertilization in a protease-dependent manner, and functional assays suggest that p160 serves to link the plasma membrane to the vitelline layer until fertilization. Thus, p160 is a key candidate for a vitelline-layer linker protein, the selective proteolysis of which functions in the block to polyspermy in the sea urchin egg.
Keywords:Block to polyspermy   Egg   Fertilization   Protease   Sea urchin   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus   Vitelline layer   CGSP1
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