Molecular basis of fertilization in the mouse |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 20136, China;2. National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;1. Discipline of Reproduction and Development, School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;2. Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;3. Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;4. Monash IVF Group, Clayton, Australia;5. Repromed, Dulwich, Australia;6. University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia;7. Monash University, Clayton, Australia;8. Memphasys Ltd, Homebush, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Recent studies of mouse fertilization have identified two complementary gamete receptors that mediate sperm-egg binding. Sperm surface β1,4-galactosyltransferase (GalTase) binds to specific oligosaccharides of the egg coat (zona pellucida) glycoprotein ZP3. Evidence suggests that these same molecules may stimulate the acrosome reaction in sperm. After the acrosome reaction, it is thought that sperm remain adherent to the zona by binding another glycoprotein, ZP2. The acrosome-reacted sperm releases hydrolytic enzymes, including acrosin and N-acetylglucosaminidase, enabling it to penetrate the zona pellucida. After the penetrating sperm binds to the egg membrane and activates development, N-acetylglucosaminidase is exocytosed from egg cortical granules and, as part of the zona block to polyspermy, globally removes the sperm GalTase binding site from ZP3 oligosaccharides. |
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