Spatial frequency response functions obtained from cat visual evoked potentials |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Neurology, Strich School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL USA;2. Hines VA Hospital, Hines, IL USA;1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, East Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA 99202, USA;2. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Whitworth University, West Hawthorne Road, Spokane, WA 99251, USA;1. Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA;2. Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA;3. Research and Early Development, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 04142, USA;4. Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA;1. Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA;2. Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA;3. Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA;1. Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;2. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo 102-0075, Japan;3. Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK;4. Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan;5. Laboratory for Motor Learning Control, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;6. Division of Neurology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan;7. Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;1. Genes to Cognition Programme, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK;2. Proteomic Mass Spectrometry, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK;3. Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK;4. Genes to Cognition Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;5. Synome Ltd., Moneta Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK;6. School of Informatics, Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, University of Edinburgh, UK;7. Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK;8. Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;9. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;10. Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;11. Institute of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, Wales, UK;12. KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics and Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (LIND), and VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium;13. Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were obtained from the surface of teh cat visual cortex in response to contrast reversing sinusoidal gratings. Gratings of different spatial frequency were presented either separately, using signal averaging to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, or as a spatial frequency sweep, in which spatial frequency was sequentially increased every 5 sec during a 40 sec trial (3.99 Hz) or every 3 sec during a 24 sec trial (6.65 Hz). The second harmonic amplitude- and phase-spatial frequency functions derived from averaging or from sweep trials were similar, indicating that the swept stimulus method can be used to provide a rapid and reliable measure of the VEP-spatial frequency function. Intravenous administration of physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, evoked a spatial frequency-dependent change in VEP amplitude. At 3.99 Hz, responses to low spatial frequencies were enhanced to a greater extent than were responses to high spatial frequency stimuli. At 6.65 Hz, responses to mid-range spatial frequencies were enhanced to a greater extent than were responses to low and high spatial frequency stimuli. VEP phase at both 3.99 and 6.65 Hz was advanced to a greater degree at the higher spatial frequencies. These results indicate that the swept spatial frequency method may be useful in studying spatial frequency-dependent pharmacological effects on the VEP and support the possibility that pharmacological disruption of the cholinergic visual system can produce such changes. |
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