Tracheal ultrastructure of protura (Insecta : Apterygota) |
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| Institution: | 1. Shanghai Institute of Entomology, Academia Sinica, 225 Chongqing Road (S.), Shanghai 200025, China;2. Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;1. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, PR China;2. Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, PR China;3. Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erbertstr. 1, 07743 Jena, Germany;4. Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany;5. Instituto de Biología Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;1. Department für Botanik und Biodiversitätsforschung, Universität Wien, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria;2. Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;3. Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany;1. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vini?ná 7, CZ 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic;2. Palaeontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, Moscow, Russia;3. Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Museum of Zoology, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany;1. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;2. Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1278-294 Sugadaira Kogen, Ueda, Nagano 386-2204, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The tracheal systems of Sinentomon and Eosentomon (Apterygota : Protura) were examined in thin sections and compared with the tracheae of collembolan, Allacma. The tracheal system of Protura consists of spiracles and tracheae. The spiracle is a simple, concave cuticular cavity known as an atrium. A globular chamber is present between the atrium and trachea. The atrium of Eosentomon is decorated with ridges and has 2 small openings to tracheal recesses beside the central tracheal opening. The tracheae of Protura are characterized by a high frequency of taenidia and the absence of intima folds and intertaenidial spaces. The taenidia of Sinentomon have a rectangular section and those of Eosentomon are gable-shaped. The results also suggest that the tracheal recess of Eosentomon is a kind of stigmatic gland. The tracheal structure of Protura was compared with that of collembolans, insects, and other arthropods, and discussed in terms of phylogeny. |
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