青海育成小麦5个主效矮秆基因的分子检测

为系统了解青海小麦矮秆基因的分布特点,并进一步为青海高原小麦的株高育种提供优异种质资源。本研究利用5个矮秆基因的特异性分子标记对82份青海小麦品种资源中的矮秆基因进行了检测,并对不同矮秆基因的降秆效应进行了分析。结果表明:82份青海育成小麦品种中有49份材料至少含有一个矮秆基因,其中Rht-B1b的分布频率最高,约占参试材料的28.0%,其次是分布频率为23.2%的Rht8基因,而矮秆基因Rht-D1b、Rht5以及Rht12的分布频率分别为9.8%、13.4%、9.8%。在49份含有不同种类矮秆基因的材料中,其中16份材料同时含有2种及以上的矮秆基因,即RhtB1b和Rht8、Rht-D1b和Rht8、Rht-B1b和Rht5、Rht-D1b和Rht5、Rht8和Rht5、Rht-B1b和Rht12、Rht5和Rht12,并未发现同时含有矮秆基因Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的品种;2份材料分别含有3种矮秆基因,即Rht-B1b、Rht8、Rht12和Rht-B1b、Rht5、Rht8;其余31份材料仅含有1种矮秆基因。82份青海育成小麦材料中仅含有Rht-B1b的材料11份,平均株高为86.2 cm,其降秆效应为5.7%;只含有Rht-D1b的材料有5份,平均株高为84.9 cm,其降秆效应为7.1%;仅含有Rht8的材料有9份,平均株高为88.6 cm,其降秆效应为3.1%。因此,在青海育成小麦品种中,矮秆基因的降秆效应为Rht-D1bRht-B1bRht8。

Distribution of Dwarfing Genes in Qinghai Wheat Cultivars by Molecular Markers

In order to understand the distribution characteristics of dwarf genes in Qinghai province and furtherly offer excellent germplasm resources of dwarfing breeding for Qinghai plateau wheat.82 wheat varieties of Qinghai wheat were used to detect by five markers of dwarf genes.This study also analyzed the effect of different dwarf genes to reduce plant height.There were 49 bred wheats contained at least a dwarf gene in 82 Qinghai materials.Highest frequency of Rht-B1 b,accounted for about 28.0％ of the total materials.The second was Rht8,accounted for about 23.2％ of the total materials.The distribution frequency of dwarf gene Rht-Dlb,Rht5 and Rhtl2 was 9.8％,13.4％ and 9.8％,respectively.Including 16 materials contained two or more than 2 dwarf genes in 49 materials which contained different dwarf genes,namely Rht-B1b and Rht8,Rht-D1b and Rht8,Rht-B1b and Rht5,Rht-D1b and Rht5,Rht8 and Rht5,Rht-B1b and Rht12,Rht5 and Rht12.No varieties were found containig Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b genes at the same time in 82 Qinghai wheats.There were two varieties containing three dwarfing genes at the same time,including one material contained Rht-B1b,Rht8 and Rht12 genes.Another one contained Rht-B1b,Rht5 and Rht8.The rest of the 31 varieties each contained one dwarf gene.Their were 11 materials which only contained Rht-B1b,its average height was 86.2 cm,and what reduced the effect of plant height was 5.7％.Their were five materials which only contained Rht-D1b,its average height was 84.9 cm,and what reduced the effect of plant height was 7.1％.Only nine materials had dwarf gene Rht8,its average plant height was 88.6 cm,and what reduced the effect of plant height was 3.1％.Therefore,in the bred wheat varieties in Qinghai,the effect of reducing plant height of the three dwarf genes were Rht-D1b ＞ Rht-B1b ＞ Rht8.