Genotype-environment interaction for total fitness in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | James D Fry |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0211, USA |
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Abstract: | A fundamental assumption of models for the maintenance of genetic variation by environmental heterogeneity is that selection
favours different genotypes in different environments. Here, I use a method for measuring total fitness of chromosomal heterozygotes
in Drosophila melanogaster to assess genotype-environment interaction for fitness across two ecologically relevant environments, medium with and without
added ethanol. Two-third chromosomes are compared, one from a population selected for ethanol tolerance, and the other from
a control population. The results show strong crossing of reaction norms for outbred, total fitness, with the chromosome from
the ethanol-adapted population increasing fitness on ethanol-supplemented food, but decreasing fitness on regular food, relative
to the chromosome from the control population. Although I did not map the fitness effects below the chromosome level, the
method could be adapted for quantitative trait locus mapping, to determine whether a substantial proportion of fitness variation
is contributed by loci at which different alleles are favoured in different environments. |
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Keywords: | antagonistic pleiotropy balancer chromosomes environmental heterogeneity maintenance of genetic variation trade-offs |
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