宏基因组技术在开拓天然产物新资源中的应用

微生物代谢产物具有巨大的化学多样性，是多种抗生素和其它药物的重要来源。由于现有培养手段的局限性，可培养的微生物不到微生物总数的1％，使绝大部分微生物资源的开发利用受到制约。近年来．直接提取环境样品中混合微生物总基因组DNA，利用可培养的宿主细菌构建宏基因组文库，通过筛选目的克隆，寻找活性代谢产物，取得瞩目进展。对这一新领域的研究进展结合我们的研究概况进行了简要综述。

Using Metagenome to Explore Natural Products from Environmental Microbiology

Secondary metabolites of the culturable microorganisms in nature have been becoming a most important source of some medicinal products and also have been being a very important resource for the screening of new bioactive compounds for medicinal usage. It has been known, however, that only less than 1% of total microorganisms in nature are culturable by traditional pure culture technique, yet the absolute majority of microbes in nature have not been studied and utilized. In the past few years, novel strategic and new technical studies have achieved rapid progress on accessing, exploring and exploiting the gene resource of non-culturable microorganisms in the environment by the use of metagenomic eDNA libraries. Without cultivation, metagenomic library construction provided a powerful tool for exploring and accessing the genetic information and functional diversity of non-culturable microorganisms in the environment, which is also useful, through facilitating the cloning and expressing of the aimed foreign DNA in the culturable host microbes, to obtain bioactive metabolites encoded by the gene(s) of uncultured microbes. In this paper, we review the novel strategy and the latest advances, together with a brief introduction of our research, in this research field.