温度对透明溞和隆线溞一亚种发育及生长的影响

透明溞(Daphnia hyalina)和隆线溞一亚种(D. carinata ssp.)的发育、生长与温度的关系极为密切。胚胎发育时间随温度升高而缩短。低温培养的个体普遍大于高温。龄期、寿命也随温度升高而变短。在15—30℃温度范围内,实验种群的内禀增长力(rm)随温度升高而增加。透明溞的产卵率以20℃为最高,达1.4936;而隆线溞一亚种则在15℃为最高,达1.490。不同种类在各种温度下,卵一胚胎,幼体,成体3个发育阶段所需时间的百分比变化甚小。卵一胚胎占总发育时间(从卵进入孵育囊起至成体死亡止)的(5.08±0.42)%,幼体为(10.76±1.53)%,成体为(84.16+1.72)%。根据不同温度下总胚胎发育时间,并参考了文献中记载的资料,获得了溞属温度与总胚胎发育时间的曲线迥归方程: Ln D=3.5748+0.0769 LnT-0.3122(Ln T)2对隆线溞一亚种的形态、生态进行了描述,对它的分类地位进行了讨论。  

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF DAPHNIA HYALINA AND DAPHNIA CARINATA SSP. INDET (CLADOCERA-DAPHNIDAE)

The paper deals mainly with the results of a laboratory study on material collected from Lake Dong-hu of Wuhan; both species re truly planktonic in nature.Temperature has close relation to their rates of development and growth. The duration of the entire embryonic development (D).was shortened with the increase of temperature (T). The regression equation may be expressed aslogD=2.5329-1.63671og T for Daphnia hyalina and logD=2.5627-1.6838 log T for D. carinata ssp.Growth rate varies with the number of instars. Most growth curves showed an initial high rate in the juvenile instars, an intermediate rate in the young adult instars, and a low rate in the older adult instars.There was a general tendency for females to attain a larger size when cultured at a relatively low temperature, as compared with those at a higher temperature.Usually 3—4 juvenile instars were present, to be followed by 12—18 adult instars under various temperatures. The total number of instars was reduced with lowered temperature.As a rule, the duration of the instar stages and the lifespan were inversely related to temperature.The maximum rate of egg production was 1.4936 at 20℃ for D. hyalina, and 1.4090 at 15℃ for D. carinata ssp. However, the intrinsic growth rate increased with the rise of temperature from 15℃ to 30℃.At various temperatures, the share in the duration of the entire developmental process was (5.08±0.42)% for embryonic stages, (10.76±1.53)% for juvenile instars, and (84.16±1.72)% for adult instars.From the data of the present study and those in literature, a curvilinear logarithmic equation:Ln D=3.5748±0.0769 Ln T-0.3122 (Ln T)2, is derived to summarize the relation between temperature and the duration of development in Daphnia.