水肥异区交替灌溉对夏玉米生理指标的影响

以夏玉米品种‘户单4号'为材料,通过防雨棚内微区试验研究了两种灌水量(450 m~3/hm~2和900 m~3/hm~2)条件下水肥异区交替灌溉和均匀灌溉对夏玉米生长以及某些生理指标的影响.结果显示:(1)在节水50%的条件下,水肥异区交替灌溉与高灌水量均匀灌溉的夏玉米生物量、产量均无显著差异.(2)低灌水量时,水肥异区交替灌溉下的玉米根系伤流液、叶片可溶性蛋白含量、硝酸还原酶活性、光合速率、蒸腾速率等均高于均匀灌溉施肥处理,而植株全氮含量及叶片水分利用效率与均匀灌溉施肥的差异不显著.(3)高灌水量时,水肥异区交替灌溉处理除根系活力、光合速率以及蒸腾速率高于均匀灌溉处理外,其他指标均低于后者.研究表明,在低灌水量条件下,水肥异区交替灌溉能使夏玉米保持较高的根系活力和正常生理代谢,提高其叶片水分利用效率,从而达到了节水增产的目的.

Effect of Alternate Irrigation with Water and Fertilizer in Different Furrows on Physiological Indexes of Summer Maize

To investigate the mechanism of water-saving and production-increasing of alternate every furrow irrigation with water and fertilizer in different furrows (AFI),we carried out micro-field experiments of two irrigation and fertilization methods (traditional irrigation method and alternate every furrow irrigation with water and fertilizer in different furrows) combination with two irrigation amounts (450 m~3/hm~2 and 900 m~3/hm~2).In this paper,the effects of two irrigation and fertilization methods on corn growth and some physiological index were studied.Results showed that corn growth was not affected and grain yield was only decreased by about 5% as saving 50% water amount for AFI method.Under the condition of AFI with low irrigation amount,the weight of root flux,leaf soluble protein content,leaf nitrate reductase activity,photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate were higher than those of traditional irrigation.As for high irrigation amount,only the weight of root flux,photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate of AFI were higher than those of traditional irrigation.This indicates that AFI could maintain root activity and normal physiological metabolism at relatively low irrigation amount,and enhance the water use efficiency of corn leaf.Thereby,water-saving and production-increasing were both achieved under low irrigation amount with AFI.