Processing and nutritive evaluation of broiler litter as livestock feed |
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| Institution: | 1. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), Université de Carthage, Laboratoire des Productions Animale et Fourragère, rue HédiKarray, 2049 Ariana, Tunisia;2. Institut National Agronomique de Tunis (INAT), Université de Carthage, 43, Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis, Cité Mahrajene, Tunisia;3. Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy;4. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy;1. Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Department of Horticultural Engineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;2. Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Königin-Luise-Straße 49, 14195 Berlin, Germany;3. Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, Königin-Luise-Straße 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany;1. Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, CIBERCV, Valencia, Spain;2. Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General de Castellón, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain;3. IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;4. Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain;1. Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, NSW 2794, Australia;2. Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia;3. Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia;1. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran;2. Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411 |
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| Abstract: | Broiler litter was deep stacked at 30 and 40% moisture or ensiled at 40% moisture for 6 weeks in quadruplicate and subsequently evaluated for changes in chemical composition, pathogenic microbial load and in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD). A metabolism trial was conducted with lambs, in which a low-protein basal diet supplemented with litter, deep stacked at 30% and 40% moisture for 6 weeks or ensiled were compared with an isocaloric, isonitrogenous soybean meal supplemented diet. The maximum stack temperature of 65°C (irrespective of moisture level) was attained on day 7 at 45 cm depth and 60.5°C on day 10 at 80 cm depth, which eliminated coliforms. Increases in lactic and acetic acids were recorded with increase in moisture levels and advancement of stacking period. A small increase in crude protein (CP) content was associated with considerable declines in organic matter (OM), cellulose, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose in deep-stacked litters. The apparent digestibility of nutrients and N-retention in the litter-supplemented diets were similar to those of the soybean meal supplemented diet. It is concluded that by deep stacking at 30 or 40% moisture, or ensiling, the litter was rendered free of pathogens and could be incorporated in the diet of livestock without adversely affecting digestibility of fiber and efficiency of N utilization. |
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