How fatty acids of different chain length enter and leave cells by free diffusion |
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Authors: | Kamp Frits Hamilton James A |
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Affiliation: | Laboratory of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease Research, Institute of Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Schillerstrasse 44, D-80336 Munich, Germany. fkamp@med.uni-muenchen.de |
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Abstract: | Opposing views exist as to how unesterified fatty acids (FA) enter and leave cells. It is commonly believed that for short- and medium-chain FA free diffusion suffices whereas it is questioned whether proteins are required to facilitate transport of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA). Furthermore, it is unclear whether these proteins facilitate binding to the plasma membrane, trans-membrane movement, dissociation into the cytosol and/or transport in the cytosol. In this mini-review we approach the controversy from a different point of view by focusing on the membrane permeability constant (P) of FA with different chain length. We compare experimentally derived values of the P of short and medium-chain FA with values of apparent permeability coefficients for LCFA calculated from their dissociation rate constant (k(off)), flip-flop rate constant (k(flip)) and partition coefficient (Kp) in phospholipid bilayers. It was found that Overton's rule is valid as long as k(flip)
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