Competing demands of prosociality and equity in monkeys |
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| Authors: | Sarah F. Brosnan Daniel Houser Kristin Leimgruber Erte Xiao Tianwen Chen Frans B.M. de Waal |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;2. Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA;3. Interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;4. Department of Economics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;5. Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;1. ISTC-CNR, Via Ulisse Aldrovandi 16/b, 00197, Rome, Italy;2. Department of Psychology Georgia State University P.O. Box 5010 Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, USA;3. Institut Jean Nicod, Département d’études cognitives, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL University, UMR 8129, 29 rue d''Ulm, 75005 Paris, France;4. Language Research Center, The Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, USA;5. Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada;6. The Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA;1. Wolf Science Center, Konrad-Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria;2. Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria;3. Comparative Cognition, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland;1. Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A.;2. Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.;3. Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;1. Georgia State University, Department of Psychology, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.;2. Georgia State University, Department of Philosophy, Neuroscience Institute, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.;3. Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, U.S.A.;4. Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study & Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL U.S.A.;5. Georgia State University, Department of Political Science, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A.;6. University of Texas, Department of Psychology, Austin, TX, U.S.A.;7. School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Prosocial decisions may lead to unequal payoffs among group members. Although an aversion to inequity has been found in empirical studies of both human and nonhuman primates, the contexts previously studied typically do not involve a trade-off between prosociality and inequity. Here we investigate the apparent coexistence of these two factors, specifically the competing demands of prosociality and equity. We directly compare the responses of brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) among situations where prosocial preferences conflict with equality, using a paradigm comparable to other studies of cooperation and inequity in this species. By choosing to pull a tray towards themselves, subjects rewarded themselves and/or another in conditions in which the partner either received the same or different rewards, or the subject received no reward. In unequal payoff conditions, subjects could obtain equality by choosing not to pull in the tray, so that neither individual was rewarded. The monkeys showed prosocial preferences even in situations of moderate disadvantageous inequity, preferring to pull in the tray more often when a partner was present than absent. However, when the discrepancy between rewards increased, prosocial behavior ceased. |
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