Regulation of macroautophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
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| Authors: | Yuko Inoue Daniel J. Klionsky |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Molecular Membrane and Organelle Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;2. Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;1. College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China;3. National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China;1. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;2. Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a cellular degradation process, which in yeast is induced in response to nutrient deprivation. In this process, a double-membrane vesicle, an autophagosome, surrounds part of the cytoplasm and fuses with the vacuole to allow the breakdown and subsequent recycling of the cargo. In yeast, many autophagy-related (ATG) genes have been identified that are required for selective and/or nonselective autophagy. In all autophagy-related pathways, core Atg proteins are required for the formation of the autophagosome, which is one of the most unique aspects of autophagy and is unlike other vesicle transport events. In contrast to nonselective autophagy, the selective processes are induced in response to various specific physiological conditions such as alterations in the carbon source. In this review, we provide an overview of the common aspects concerning the mechanism of autophagy-related pathways, and highlight recent advances in our understanding of the machinery that controls autophagy induction in response to nutrient starvation conditions. |
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