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X inactivation and disease
Authors:Ruben Agrelo  Anton Wutz
Institution:3. Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912;6. Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912;4. Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;5. Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203;1. Laboratorio de Respiración Celular Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Lu?is y Díaz Mirón, México, D.F., Mexico;2. Laboratorio de Bioquímica Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Lu?is y Díaz Mirón, México, D.F., Mexico;3. Departmento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, CP 04960, Mexico, D.F., Mexico;1. Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;2. Developmental Cellomics Laboratory, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore;3. Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;1. Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131, Naples, Italy;2. IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
Abstract:X inactivation is the mechanism by which mammals adjust the X-linked gene dosage between the sexes. The dosage difference between XX females and XY males is functionally equalized by silencing one of the two X chromosomes in female cells. This dosage-compensation mechanism is based on the long functional Xist RNA. Here, we review our understanding of dosage compensation and Xist function in the context of disease.
Keywords:
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