A laccase exclusively expressed by Metarhizium anisopliae during isotropic growth is involved in pigmentation,tolerance to abiotic stresses and virulence |
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| Authors: | Weiguo Fang Éverton KK Fernandes Donald W Roberts Michael J Bidochka Raymond J St Leger |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Maryland, Department of Entomology, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA;2. Utah State University, Department of Biology, Logan, UT 84322 5305, USA;3. Brock University, Department of Biological Sciences, St. Catharines, ON, Canada L2S 3A1;1. College of Plant Protection, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China;2. Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;3. Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei 06000, People’s Republic of China;1. Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People''s Republic of China;2. Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;1. Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People''s Republic of China;2. Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, People''s Republic of China;1. Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;2. Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand;3. Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA |
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| Abstract: | Insect pathogenic fungi including Metarhizium anisopliae offer an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. However, their use has been limited by their relatively slow killing speed compared to chemicals and low tolerance to abiotic stresses. We report here on a class 1 laccase (MLAC1) that is involved in both virulence and tolerance to environmental stresses. Mlac1 is expressed during isotropic growth (swelling) but not during polarized growth (e.g., germ tubes and hyphae); Mlac1 is therefore expressed exclusively in the later stages of conidiation and in blastospores when M. anisopliae is living as a saprophyte. During infection processes, Mlac1 is also expressed by appressoria (infection structures) on the cuticle surface and hyphal bodies inside the insect haemocoel. Disrupting Mlac1 reduced virulence to caterpillars because of impaired appressoria and delayed post-infection events. It also produced a yellow-conidia phenotype with increased conidial susceptibility to heat shock (45 °C for 2 h) and UV-B stress. The relationship between M. anisopliae’s pigment-synthesis pathway and its adaptation to diverse natural habitats is discussed. |
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