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Increased oxidative stress in barn swallows from the Chernobyl region
Authors:Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati  Timothy A. Mousseau  Anders Pape Møller  Manuela Caprioli  Nicola Saino
Affiliation:1. Dipartimento di Biologia, Sez. Ecologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy;2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;3. Laboratoire d′Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 362, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France;4. Center for Advanced Study, Drammensveien 78, NO-0271 Oslo, Norway
Abstract:The Chernobyl nuclear accident produced the largest unintended release of radionuclides in history, with dramatic consequences for humans and other organisms. Exposure to ionizing radiation is known to reduce circulating and stored levels of specific antioxidants in birds and humans, thus potentially increasing oxidative stress. However, overall effects of radioactive exposure on oxidative status have never been investigated in any free ranging vertebrate. We measured plasma antioxidant capacity and concentration of reactive oxygen metabolites in adult barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) from colonies with variable background radiation levels in the Chernobyl region in Ukraine and Belarus. We predicted that antioxidants would decrease while reactive oxygen metabolites would increase with exposure to increasing levels of radiation at the breeding sites. Consistent with this expectation, radiation level positively predicted plasma concentration of reactive oxygen metabolites, whereas no significant covariation was found with non-enzymatic plasma antioxidant capacity. An index of oxidative stress was also larger in barn swallows exposed to high contamination levels. Thus, radioactive contamination appeared to be responsible for the increased generation of reactive oxygen metabolites and the imbalance between reactive oxygen metabolites and non-enzymatic plasma antioxidant capacity.
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