北京市奥林匹克公园不同地表类型对土壤动物多样性的影响

城市化对城市土壤动物有重要影响，为了探究城市中不同的地表覆盖类型对土壤动物多样性和群落结构的胁迫作用，以北京市奥林匹克公园为例，于2013年秋季通过Baermann法和Tullgren法研究了4种不同地表类型(裸地、完全硬化地表、部分硬化地表、草坪)下的0～5、5～10、10～15 cm 3个土层深度下土壤动物群落结构和多样性的变化.结果表明： 4种地表类型下,单位体积(100 cm³)内土壤动物的个体总数表现为：草坪(210只)>部分硬化(193只)>完全硬化(183只)>裸地(90只).线虫占总捕获量的72.0%～92.8%，为共有优势类群.类群数上，草坪下土壤动物类群数显著高于裸地.在垂直方向上，除了完全硬化外，其他3种地表类型下的土壤动物具有明显的表聚现象.裸地的Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数显著低于其他类型，但Simpson优势度指数显著高于其他类型.草坪的Shannon多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数最高.硬化类型下土壤动物的多样性介于草坪和裸地之间.从群落相似性来看，除完全硬化和草坪表现为中度相似外，其他地表类型间土壤动物群落相似性指数均表现出中等不相似的特征.动物的多样性指标与土壤温度、pH、速效钾均有显著相关性.

Influence of different types of surface on the diversity of soil fauna in Beijing Olympic Park.

Soil fauna are impacted by urbanization. In order to explore the stress of different surface covers on diversity and community structure of soil fauna, we conducted this experiment in Beijing Olympic Park. In autumn of 2013, we used Baermann and Tullgren methods to study the diversity of soil fauna in the depth of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm under four different land covers i.e. bared field (BF), totally impervious surface (TIS), partly impervious surface (PIS) and grassland (GL). The results showed that the total number of soil fauna in 100 cm3 was in order of GL (210)>PIS (193)>TIS (183)>BF (90), and the number of nematodes accounted for 72.0%-92.8% of the total number. On the vertical level, except for the TIS, the other three types of surface soil fauna had the surface gathered phenomenon. The Shannon diversity index and the Pielou evenness index of BF were lower, but the Simpson dominance index was higher than in the other land covers. The Shannon index and Margalef richness indes of GL were higher than those of the other land covers. The Shannon indexes of TIS and PIS were between the BF and GL. Except for the TIS and GL, the similarity indexes were between 0.4-0.5, indicating moderate non similar characteristics. The diversity of soil fauna was significantly correlated with temperature, pH and available potassium.