海洋古菌多样性研究进展

海洋古菌是海洋微生物中的一个大的类群,然而绝大多数的古菌不能分离培养.近年来分子生物学的方法广泛地应用于微生物多样性的研究中,研究发现,海洋古菌广泛地生活在各类海域环境中,而不仅仅是生活在极端的环境中.海洋古菌为海洋生态系统中主要的原核细胞成分,在海洋生态系统中的物质与能量循环中扮演着重要角色.主要阐述了生活在海洋不同环境中海洋古菌的多样性,有海洋浮游古菌的多样性、海底环境及海洋沉积物中古菌的多样性、附着或寄共生古菌多样性等的研究状况,以及研究海洋古菌多样性的分子生物学的主要方法.

The Investigation of the Marine Archaea Diversity

Marine Archaea is a main group in marine microbial community.However,most members of marine Archaea could not be cultured.Traditional cultivation-based analysis of the distribution of Archaea believed that Archaea were restricted to extreme environments.Molecular techniques were used in the recent investigation of marine microbial diversity.And the investigation showed that the distribution of marine archaea was widespread in a variety of marine environments.Archaea were much more diverse.Archaea comprised a large fraction of total prokaryotic cells in the marine ecosystem.Archaea played the important roles in carbon and sulfur cycling,and in the energy cycling of marine ecosystem.The diversity of Archaea distributing in a variety of marine environments,the investigation on the diversity of marine planktonic Archaea,the diversity of Archaea in deep-sea sediments,and the diversity of symbiosis or attached Archaea are reviewed.The molecular techniques used in the investigation are also introduced.