Molecular cloning of the gene for dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei

The Lactobacillus casei gene for dihydrofolate reductase has been cloned in Escherichia coli using the multicopy vector pBR322. A restriction map of the cloned DNA has been prepared. The cloned DNA directs the synthesis of L. casei dihydrofolate reductase in E. coli and confers trimethoprim and methotrexate resistance.     

毕赤酵母GS115表达HSA-GCSFm的诱导工艺研究

本文探讨了甲醇流加控制、添加胰蛋白胨和甲醇/山梨醇共混诱导对重组毕赤酵母GS115/pPIC9K-HSA-GCSFm表达HSA-GCSFm的影响.结果显示:甲醇供应充足条件下HSA-GCSFm表达水平仅为37 mg·L-1,而甲醇添加受限条件下HSA-GCSFm表达水平可达到239mg·L-1;甲醇添加受限并添加胰蛋白胨条件下,HSA-GCSFm表达水平可以提高到266 mg·L-1;在此基础上,流加山梨醇作为辅助碳源,表达水平可大幅提高至424 mg·L-1.通过对各诱导条件下OUR、胞外蛋白酶及碳流分配进行分析后发现,将甲醇限制在低浓度同时添加胰蛋白胨与山梨醇,可以改善细胞代谢活性,增加细胞用于HSA-GCSFm合成的碳流分配量,降低胞外蛋白酶活性,从而提高了HSA-GCSFm的表达水平并缓解了HSA-GCSFm的降解.因此,该诱导工艺适于毕赤酵母高效表达HSA-GCSFm.     

Kidney proteome responses in the teleost fish Paralichthys olivaceus indicate a putative immune response against Streptococcus parauberis

The proteomic response to bacterial infection in a teleost fish (Paralichthys olivaceus) infected with Streptococcus parauberis was analyzed using label-free protein quantitation coupled with LC-MS(E) tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 82 proteins from whole kidney, a major lymphoid organ in this fish, were found to be differentially expressed between healthy and diseased fish analyzed 6, 24, 72 and 120 h post-infection. Among the differentially expressed proteins, those involved in mediating immune responses (e.g., heat shock proteins, cathepsins, goose-type lysozyme and complement components) were most significantly up-regulated by infection. In addition, cell division cycle 48 (CDC48) and calreticulin, which are associated with cellular recovery and glycoprotein synthesis, were up-regulated in the universal protein group, whereas the other proteins in that group were down-regulated. There was continuous activation of expression of immune-associated proteins during infection, but there was also loss of expression of proteins not involved in immune function. We expect that our findings regarding immune response at the protein level would offer new insight into the systemic response to bacterial infection of a major immune organ in teleost fish.     

N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and hydroxylamine induced mutants of the rII region of phage T4

rII mutations of bacteriophage T₄ were induced by in vivo treatment with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NG) and in vitro treatment with hydroxylamine (HA). All the NG induced mutations were mappable to small segments of the rIIA cistron and all except one were also highly revertible by 2-aminopurine (AP) treatment. From these observations, it is concluded that treatment of T₄ with NG induces only transitions and contrary to its effects on E. coli, in T₄, NG does not induce any deletions. Spectra of HA and NG induced mutants of the rIIA cistron were compared. Both mutagens seem to be more effective in inducing mutations nearer the two extremities of this cistron and very few in the middle. This asymmetric effect has been seen to be more pronounced in case of NG than in the case of HA.     

Accurate repair of ultraviolet-induced damage in Micrococcus radiodurans

The nature of the patterns of elimimation of chromosomal aberrations in both root and shoot has been studied in both the species of P. canariensis Linn (2n = 12) and P. minor Retz (2n = 28) after irradiating their dry seeds with filtered and unfiltered X-rays.Doses used are 10 kR and 30 kR filtered X-rays and 10 kR and 20 kR unfiltered X-rays.The elimination curves in both root and shoot have been fitted to the equation N₁ = N₀e^?KT for both the species. The pattern of elimination for each type of aberrations was found to be exponential in both root and shoot.     

A deletion analysis of hybrid phage carrying the US region of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (Patton). I. Isolation of deletion derivatives and identification of chi-likes sequences

The EcoRI-H fragment (15.4 kb) of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been cloned in lambda gtWES in both orientations. This fragment contains the entire US region and has about 900 bp of terminal redundant sequences derived from the internal and terminal repeats of the S region. 56 independent plaque-forming deletion derivatives of the lambda gt/WES::EcoRI-H hybrid phage were isolated using either EDTA resistance or ability to grow on Escherichia coli(P2) lysogens as selective methods. The endpoints of these deletions were located using nine restriction enzymes that cleave within the EcoRI-H fragment. All of the deletions have at least one endpoint within the cloned fragment. Several unusual features of the lambda hybrids, including heterogeneity of a particular region in the HSV-1 EcoRI-H fragment and the presence of chi-like sequences in the US region of HSV-1, are discussed.     

Cloning and expression of a Streptomyces fradiae neomycin resistance gene in Escherichia coli

A Streptomyces fradiae DNA sequence, which codes for a neomycin phosphotransferase, has been subcloned from the Streptomyces recombinant plasmid pIJ2 [a chimera between the Streptomyces plasmid SLP1.2 and chromosomal DNA containing a neomycin (Nm) resistance gene] into the BamHI restriction enzyme site of pHV14. Three different recombinant plasmids (pWHR1, pWHR2, pWHR3) have been isolated which transform Escherichia coli to Nm resistance. Southern transfer hybridization experiments show that the recombinant plasmids contain the cloned Streptomyces Nm resistance gene, and lysates of E. coli containing the recombinant plasmids were shown to have Nm phosphotransferase activity, demonstrating that a gene from Streptomyces can be expressed in E. coli.     

Screening recombinant phage M13 plaques with RNA probes; a one-step procedure which identifies clones containing either of the complementary DNA strands

We describe a method for detecting specific DNA sequences cloned in M13 phage vectors, based on the procedure of Woo (in Wu, R., Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 68, Academic Press, New York, 1979, pp. 389-395). M13 plaques are adsorbed to a nitrocellulose filter that has been pre-saturated with bacteria. The filter is incubated on an agar plate to amplify the phage; the DNA is alkali-denatured and then hybridized with a radioactive RNA probe. Unlike standard procedures, this method detects and distinguishes M13 plaques containing phage particles which harbor either the coding or non-coding (RNA-like) DNA strand, when single-stranded RNA is used as probe. We have optimized this procedure with M13 clones containing mouse histidine tRNA gene sequences and have used it to determine the sequence of both strands of a mouse glycine tRNA gene.     

Synthesis of a human insulin gene. VII. Synthesis of preproinsulin-like human DNA, its cloning and expression in M13 bacteriophage

A 74-bp DNA sequence coding for the pre sequence of human preproinsulin and containing EcoRI termini was synthesized by the chemical enzymatic method, joined with previously synthesized proinsulin DNA, and cloned in the M 13mp8 vector. A clone pNB82 -121 was identified by DNA sequence which confirmed the correct orientation of the pre sequence to the proinsulin DNA. The EcoRI site at the junction of pre- and proinsulin DNA was eliminated by removing a triplet ATT using a synthetic 19-mer primer. To simplify preproinsulin isolation and to study its expression in the M 13 system, a 25-bp affinity leader sequence coding for (glu)7 was inserted at the remaining EcoRI site; this put the preproinsulin DNA in a correct reading frame with the AUG initiation codon of beta-galactosidase. Preproinsulin was expressed under lac promoter control as analyzed by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) against C-peptide.     

Plasmodium falciparum: functional mitochondrial ADP/ATP transporter in Escherichia coli plasmic membrane as a tool for selective drug screening

Plasmodium falciparum mitochondrial ADP/ATP transporter or adenylate translocase (PfAdT) was previously characterised at the molecular level and intracellularly located by immuno-electromicroscopy. Inhibition of this transporter blocks parasite development in erythrocytes. In this study, PfAdT was expressed in C43 (DE3) Escherichia coli strain under isopropyl beta-d-thiogalacto-pyranoside (IPTG) induction to screen inhibitory molecules. PfAdT was integrated directly into the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Whereas IPTG-induced bacterial cells imported radioactively labelled ATP, non-induced cells did not. The transporter bound specifically ADP and ATP, but not AMP. IPTG-induced cells preloaded with labelled ATP exported ATP after exogenous addition of unlabelled ADP or ATP, indicating a counter exchange transport mechanism. Bongrekic acid and atractyloside, two well-known specific inhibitors of mitochondrial ADP/ATP transporter, were tested. This experimental model was evaluated using three Malagasy crude plants extracts which have shown antiplasmodial activity on in vitro parasite cultures.