微滤膜分离提纯苦楝素的研究

通过对不同孔径和材质的微孔滤膜对苦楝提取液过滤分离比较,优选出孔径为0.45μm的聚醚砜微滤膜对苦楝提取液具有良好的过滤性能。确定的膜分离提纯苦楝素优化工艺条件是:在料液浓度为0.374 mg/mL,料液温度35℃,操作压力差为0.08 MPa,循环流量为0.15 L/h,pH=7.0,苦楝素的转移率为99.4%,除杂率为8.3%,通量为147.2 L/m2.h,苦楝素的纯度为由提取液的0.89%,提高到了8.79%。     

川楝素在大鼠大脑皮层匀浆中的结合位点

从驱蛔中药楝属植物根皮提取的一种三萜化合物──川楝素是一个选择性地作用于突触前的神经肌肉传递阻遏剂。根据它作用的专一性和不可逆性推测,突触前末梢应存在着川楝素的结合位点。本工作利用３Ｈ－川楝素进行的结合实验表明,大鼠大脑皮层匀浆中存在川楝素的结合位点;３Ｈ－川楝素与结合位点复合物的平衡解离常数（ＫＤ）约为２．０×１０（－７）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ;皮层匀浆离心团粒（Ｐ２＇）的重悬液含川楝素结合位点约２．７×１０（－１２）ｍｏｌ／ｍｇ蛋白质;该结合位点的Ｈｉｌｌ系数为０．９７。研究还显示,Ｐ２＇重悬液经蔗糖密度梯度超离心得到的突触体组分是川楝素结合位点的富集亚细胞组分,其比结合活性是Ｐ２＇重悬液的２至３倍。     

川楝素对斜纹夜蛾幼虫取食行为的影响

斜纹夜蛾5龄幼虫的取食活动是非连续进行的。在每两次取食活动之间存在一个取食间间隔．在每次取食活动期间,也存在一非常短暂的取食内间隔。经川楝素处理后的斜纹夜蛾5龄幼虫．其21小时内发生的取食活动和取食间间隔的次数减少．平均每次取食活动和取食间间隔持续的时间延长;可是在每次取食活动中,用于取食的时间明显减少。这是因为．取食内间隔的次数增加了．取食内间隔的时间也延长了。所有上述指标,处理虫与对照之间均存在着显著或极显著的差异。     

川楝素对K+、Ca2+通道活动及细胞内Ca2+浓度的调控

川楝素是我国学者从驱蛔中药中分离、鉴定的一个三萜化合物,已证明具选择地影响神经递质释放,有效地对抗肉毒中毒,促进细胞分化、凋亡,抑制肿瘤增殖,抑制昆虫发育和取食,影响K 、Ca2 通道活动等多种生物效应.综述了证明川楝素抑制多种K 通道,选择地易化L型Ca2 通道和进而升高胞内Ca 浓度的研究资料,并对川楝素产生这些生物效应的机制进行了讨论.     

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATION OF TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RHODOJAPONINS AND TOOSENDANIN ON NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION OF LARVAL DROSOPHILA MELANGASTER MEIGEN

Abstract  With microeletrode intracellular recording technique, the three rhodojaponins and toosendanin, which had been extracted and purified from two insecticidal plants, Rhododendron molle and Melia toosendan , respectively, were examined for their toxicological effects on the neuromuscular excitatory junction potentials (EJPS) in the ventralateral longitudinal muscle cells of the third instar larval Drosophila melangaster Meigen. All of them were found to inhibit and eventually block the EJPS, and the time for blockage decreased with higher concentrations. Comparison among the three rhodojaponins showed an inhibitory activity sequence of rhdojaponin I >rhodojaponin I >rhodojaponin V. This preliminary observation suggested that the disruption of neuromuscular transmission might contribute to the fatal actions of these botanic insecticides.     

川楝素诱导人胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡及其机制

目的: 本研究旨在探讨川楝素诱导人胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡及其机制。方法: 将人胃癌MGC-803细胞分为5组,每组3个复孔,采用氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)和0 nmol/L川楝素(TSN)分别作为阳性对照和阴性对照。其余3组分别加入终浓度为30 nmol/L、50 nmol/L、70 nmol/L的川楝素。川楝素处理细胞48 h后,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞形态结构变化;流式细胞术检测线粒体膜电位变化;酶标法检测Caspase-3和Caspase-9活性;利用qRT-PCR和Western blot检测凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax、Cyt c和APAF-1 mRNA和蛋白水平。结果: 与0 nmol/L TSN组相比,30 nmol/L、50 nmol/L、70 nmol/L的川楝素作用于人胃癌MGC-803细胞48 h,可见细胞体积缩小,细胞核裂解,部分染色质凝集等形态学变化;Caspase-3和Caspase-9活性升高(P＜0.05);而线粒体膜电位明显下降(P＜ 0.05);Bax、Cyt c和APAF-1 基因mRNA及蛋白表达量显著升高(P＜0.05),Bcl-2 基因mRNA及蛋白表达量显著降低(P＜0.05)。结论: 川楝素通过上调Bax、Cyt c和APAF-1的表达,下调Bcl-2基因表达,增强Caspase-3、Caspase-9活性诱导人胃癌MGC-803细胞凋亡。     

川楝素对K+、Ca2+通道活动及细胞内Ca2+浓度的调控

川楝素是我国学者从驱蛔中药中分离、鉴定的一个三萜化合物，已证明具选择地影响神经递质释放，有效地对抗肉毒中毒，促进细胞分化、凋亡，抑制肿瘤增殖，抑制昆虫发育和取食，影响K⁺、Ca²⁺通道活动等多种生物效应. 综述了证明川楝素抑制多种K⁺通道，选择地易化L型Ca²⁺通道和进而升高胞内Ca⁺浓度的研究资料，并对川楝素产生这些生物效应的机制进行了讨论.     

黄杜鹃毒素和川楝素在果蝇幼虫神经肌肉传递的毒理效应初步观察(英)

黄杜鹃毒素Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ和川楝素分别是从杀虫植物黄杜鹃Rhododendron molle和川楝Melia toosendan中提取、纯化的有效成分。本文利用胞内微电极记录技术,测定了它们对果蝇(Drosophila melangaster Meigen)3龄幼虫腹侧纵肌细胞内神经肌肉兴奋性接点电位的毒理效应。各化合物均可抑制并最终阻断该电位,阻断所需时间随处理浓度提高而缩短。3种黄杜鹃毒素的抑制活性顺序为Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅴ.初步观察提示,上述植物杀虫物质对神经肌肉传递的破坏作用可能与其致死效应有关。     

Toosendanin,a novel potent vacuolar-type H+-translocating ATPase inhibitor,sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy by blocking protective autophagy

Macroautophagy/autophagy is the process of self-digestion through the lysosomes; it disassembles unnecessary or dysfunctional long-lived proteins and damaged organelles for the recycling of biomacromolecules. Unfortunately, cancer cells can hijack this mechanism to survive under metabolic stress or develop drug resistance during chemotherapy. Increasing evidence indicates that the combination of autophagy inhibition and chemotherapy is a promising cancer treatment strategy. However, effective autophagy inhibitors with satisfied potency, bioavailability, and clearly-defined drug targets are still rare. Here, we report the identification of a potent autophagy inhibitor toosendanin which can effectively block autophagosome maturation, causing the accumulation of autophagy substrates in multiple cancer cells. Toosendanin did not inhibit the fusion process between autophagosome and lysosome but elevated lysosomal pH and impaired lysosomal enzymes activity. Using rat liver lysosome fraction and purified yeast V-ATPase, we found that toosendanin directly inhibited V-ATPase activity. By applying cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), immunoprecipitation-coupled LC-MS/MS analysis, and biotin-toosendanin pull-down assay, we confirmed the direct binding between toosendanin and V-ATPase. Furthermore, toosendanin blocked chemotherapy-induced protective autophagy in cultured cancer cells and xenograft tumor tissues to significantly enhance anti-cancer activity. These results suggest that toosendanin has the potential to be developed into an anti-cancer drug by blocking chemotherapy-induced protective autophagy.     

川棟素在小鼠神经肌肉标本上的抗肉毒作用

本文用小白鼠离体膈神经膈肌标本,研究了川棟素的抗肉素作用。在我们所用的试验条件下,川棟素均显著地延长肉毒中毒标本对间接刺激收缩反应的麻痹时间,表明川楝素能在神经肌肉接头处对抗肉毒的阻遏作用。文中对川棟素的抗毒机理进行了讨论。