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B. Maestra T. Naranjo 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,98(5):744-750
Chromosome pairing at metaphase-I was analyzed in F1 hybrids among T. turgidum (AABB), T. aestivum (AABBDD), and T. timopheevii (AtAtGG) to study the chromosome structure of T. timopheevii relative to durum (T. turgidum) and bread (T. aestivum) wheats. Individual chromosomes and their arms were identified by means of C-banding. Homologous pairing between the A-genome
chromosomes was similar in the three hybrid types AAtBG, AAtBGD, and AABBD. However, associations of B-G were less frequent than B-B. Homoeologous associations were also observed, especially
in the AAtBGD hybrids. T. timopheevii chromosomes 1At, 2At, 5At, 7At, 2G, 3G, 5G, and 6G do not differ structurally from their counterpart in the A and B genomes. Thus, these three polyploid
species inherited translocation 5AL/4AL from the diploid A-genome donor. Chromosome rearrangements that occurred at the tetraploid
level were different in T. turgidum and T. timopheevii. Translocation 4AL/7BS and a pericentric inversion of chromosome 4A originated only in the T. turgidum lineage. The two lines of T. timophevii studied carry four different translocations, 6AtS/1GS, 1GS/4GS, 4GS/4AtL, and 4AtL/3AtL, which most likely arose in that sequence. These structural differences support a diphyletic origin of polyploid wheats.
Received: 15 June 1998 / Accepted: 19 August 1998 相似文献
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Zabotin A. I. Barysheva T. S. Trofimova O. I. Lozovaya V. V. Widholm J. 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2002,49(6):792-798
Temporary accumulation of callose in suspension-cultured wheat (Triticum timopheevii Zhuk.) cells at the exponential growth phase was correlated with the mitotic index due to the formation of the cell plates in dividing cells. Callose disappeared in expanding cells owing to enhanced activities of endo- and exoglucanases. The exogluconase activity was reduced when the cells were treated with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. A similar pattern was observed when elicitors experimentally enhanced callose synthesis. Apparently, in such cases, callose behaves as a temporary component repairing the cell wall. We presume that plant cells comprise a universal mechanism for regulating callose synthesis. 相似文献
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小麦染色体组的起源与进化探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对小麦染色体组的起源及其进化进行了全面综述后,提出了一个新的小麦进化途径,并认为:(1)Triticummonococumvarurartu是多倍体小麦A组的原初供体,在A组进入多倍体小麦后有Tmonovarboeoticum的基因渗入;(2)B和G组的原初供体是Tspeltoides的S组,在该S组进入多倍体小麦后有两个进化方向,即S组结构分化形成G组和S组经外源染色体代换及重组等而进化成B组;(3)Tturgidum和Ttimophevi都是来自Tspeltoides为母本与Tmonovarurartu杂交后并双二倍化而形成的原初四倍体小麦(SSAA),并由它分别经遗传渗入和结构分化而成;(4)Tzhukovskyi是Ttimophevi作母本与Tmonovarboeoticum杂交并双二倍化而形成,故它具有分别来自Tmonovarurartu和Tmonovarboeoticum的两类A组;(5)Taestivum的D组来自Ttauschi;(6)无论A组、B组、D组、G组在进入多倍体小麦后均有相当分化,同时在其供体种中也有一定分化。 相似文献
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中国特有小麦中杂种黄化基因Chl和提型胞质育性恢复基因的分布研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本研究以T型不育系QA1104(具有杂种黄化基因Ch2)和Khapli(具有杂种黄化基因Ch1)为测验种,对中国特有小麦等六倍体小麦类型和一些四倍体小麦类型中的T型胞质育性恢复基因和杂种黄化Ch1基因的分布进行了研究。结果表明:中国白麦子类型、西藏半野生小麦、云南铁壳麦、圆锥小麦(矮兰麦)一节节麦人工合成双二倍体以及中国圆锥小麦等类型中未发现T型育性恢复基因和杂种黄化基因Ch1;在斯卑尔脱小麦杜哈米林类型和野生二粒小麦中发现有T型育性恢复基因的存在,但是不存在杂种黄化基因Ch1。在新疆稻麦和中国波兰小麦中未发现有T型胞质育性恢复基因的存在。但在新疆稻麦中普遍含有杂种黄化基因Ch1,在波兰小麦中一些居群有Ch1基因、一些居群无。这暗示:新疆稻麦可能来源于含有Ch1基因的波兰小麦类型,而且可能是起源于波兰小麦与节节麦的天然杂交并经过双二倍体化途径而形成的。 相似文献
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Salina E. A. Leonova I. N. Röder M. S. Laikova L. I. Maystrenko O. I. Budashkina E. B. Shumnyi V. K. 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2001,48(3):377-381
Microsatellite markers Xgwmand Xgdmwere used to map the S1, S2, and S3genes of the induced sphaerococcoid mutants of Triticum aestivumL. and to analyze the introgressive lines of common wheat, obtained by crossing several common wheat cultivars to T. timopheeviiZhuk.; these lines carry the Lrgenes of resistance to leaf rust. All sphaerococcoid genes were linked to centromeric markers of the short and long arms of chromosomes of homoeologous group 3 of T. aestivum: the S1locus was located between the markers Xgdm72and Xgwm456; the S2gene, betweenXgwm845and Xgwm566; and the S3was located between Xgwm2and Xgwm720. The introgressive lines of common wheat carry the following substitutions from T. timopheevii, most of 2A and 2B and telomeric region of the 5AL chromosome in the line 821, the same introgression and also the completely substituted chromosome 4B in line 837, and the partially substituted chromosomes 2A and 2B in line 842. The introgression of the genomic material fromT. timopheeviiinto the chromosomes of homoeologous group 2 was the common trait of all three lines resistant to leaf rust. The authors discuss the feasibility of using microsatellite-derived data for analyzing nonmapped wheat species, linking new genes to wheat molecular genetic maps, and analyzing wheat genomes of diverse hybrid origins. 相似文献
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W. Tao D. Liu J. Liu Y. Feng P. Chen 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(3-4):564-568
Pm6 in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which was transferred from Triticum. timopheevii L., is a gene conferring resistance to the powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici. Six near-isogenic lines ( NILs ) of Pm6 in a cultivar ’Prins’ background were analyzed to map this gene using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Each
of the six NILs possessed a T. timopheevii-derived segment, varying in length, and associated with powdery mildew resistance. Lines IGV1–465 (FAO163b/ 7*Prins) and
IGV1–467 (Idaed 59B/7*Prins) had the shortest introgressed segments, which were detected only by DNA probes BCD135 and PSR934,
respectively. The polymorphic loci detected by both probes were mapped to the long arm of chromosome 2B. Lines IGV1–458 (CI13250/7*Prins)
and IGV1–456 (CI12559/8*Prins) contained the longest T. timopheevii segments involving both arms of donor chromosome 2G across the centromere. All these introgressed segments had an overlapping
region flanked by the loci xpsr934 and xbcd135 on 2BL. Thus, Pm6 was located in this region since the powdery mildew resistance in all the NILs resulted from the introgressed fragments.
Using the F2 mapping population from a cross of IGV1–463 (PI170914/7*Prins)×Prins, Pm6 was shown to be closely linked to the loci xbcd135 and xbcd266 at a genetic distance of 1.6 cM and 4.8 cM, respectively. BCD135 was successfully used in detecting the presence of Pm6 in different genetic backgrounds.
Received: 29 June 1999 / Accepted: 6 July 1999 相似文献
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Maksimov I. V. Ganiev R. M. Khairullin R. M. 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2002,49(2):221-224
The seedling growth and the content of endogenous phytohormones in wheat seedlings were estimated 3, 6, and 9 days after infection with the bunt pathogen (Tilletia caries) (DC.)TUL. The infection of a pathogen-susceptible species Triticum aestivum L. and a resistant species T. timopheevii Zhuk. resulted, respectively, in an increase and a decrease in the seedling growth and the IAA content as compared to the control. The cytokinin content increased in both species, and the increase in T. timopheevii was more rapid. The pathogen-induced increase in auxin content is suggested to enhance fungal invasion of plants. In the susceptible species, a high ABA concentration was retained for a longer period of time and could act as a factor of virulence. At the same time, in the resistant species, an increase in ABA content was transient and seems to trigger plant defense mechanisms. 相似文献
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A low-copy, non-coding chromosome-specific DNA sequence, isolated from common wheat, was physically mapped to the distal 19% region of the long arm of chromosome 3B (3BL) of common wheat. This sequence, designated WPG118, was then characterized by Southern hybridization, PCR amplification and sequence comparison using a large collection of polyploid wheats and diploid Triticum and Aegilops species. The data show that the sequence exists in all polyploid wheats containing the B genome and absent from those containing the G genome. At the diploid level, it exists only in Ae. searsii, a diploid species of section Sitopsis, and not in other diploids including Ae. speltoides, the closest extant relative to the donor of the B genome of polyploid wheat. This finding may support the hypothesis that the B-genome of polyploid wheat is of a polyphyletic origin, i.e. it is a recombined genome derived from two or more diploid Aegilops species. 相似文献
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