川芎嗪对Aβ25-35诱导体外大鼠海马神经元细胞凋亡的影响

本文通过Aβ25-35诱导体外原代培养的SD乳大鼠海马神经元,建立Aβ毒性损伤细胞模型,结合AnnexinV-FITC/PI荧光双染法流式细胞术、MTT比色法、实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot方法检测川芎嗪(tetrameth-ylpyrazine,TMP)对原代培养的海马神经元细胞活性、早期凋亡率和Bax、Bcl-2基因表达的影响。结果显示川芎嗪高、中剂量可明显增强细胞活性,增加神经元细胞的存活率(P<0.01),可显著抑制海马神经元细胞早期凋亡(P<0.01),抑制凋亡蛋白Bax的表达(P<0.01),增强抗凋亡蛋白bcl-2的表达(P<0.01)。川芎嗪可通过调节Bax/Bcl-2平衡抵抗Aβ25-35诱导的海马神经元凋亡,降低Aβ的神经元毒性,对海马神经元损伤有明显的保护作用。     

Local delivery of tetramethylpyrazine eliminates the senescent phenotype of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and creates an anti‐inflammatory and angiogenic environment in aging mice

Aging drives the accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) including stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow, which contributes to aging‐related bone degenerative pathologies. Local elimination of SnCs has been shown as potential treatment for degenerative diseases. As LepR⁺ mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) in bone marrow are the major population for forming bone/cartilage and maintaining HSCs niche, whether local elimination of senescent LepR⁺ MSPCs delays aging‐related pathologies and improves local microenvironment need to be well defined. In this study, we performed local delivery of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in bone marrow of aging mice, which previously showed to be used for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIOP). We found the increased accumulation of senescent LepR⁺ MSPCs in bone marrow of aging mice, and TMP significantly inhibited the cell senescent phenotype via modulating Ezh2‐H3k27me3. Most importantly, local delivery of TMP improved bone marrow microenvironment and maintained bone homeostasis in aging mice by increasing metabolic and anti‐inflammatory responses, inducing H‐type vessel formation, and maintaining HSCs niche. These findings provide evidence on the mechanisms, characteristics and functions of local elimination of SnCs in bone marrow, as well as the use of TMP as a potential treatment to ameliorate human age‐related skeletal diseases and to promote healthy lifespan.     

川芎嗪对体外培养的胎鼠神经干细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的：探讨川芎嗪（TMP）在体外神经干细胞（NSCs）增殖与分化中的作用。方法：原代提取孕14 d雌性大鼠的胎鼠大脑皮层分离培养,并作免疫荧光染色鉴定,取传代培养第3代的NSCs进行实验。实验分为对照组、β-巯基乙醇阳性对照组、TMP诱导组和TMP+EGTA组（n=4）。采用BrdU法和MTT法观察川芎嗪对NSCs增殖数量的影响,采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测NSCs的分化表达情况。结果：实验成功分离纯化原代NSCs,培养3~5 d可见部分神经球形成,具备典型的NSCs形态并表达NSCs特异抗原巢蛋白;BrdU法和MTT法结果均显示,与对照组和β-巯基乙醇阳性对照组相比,TMP组NSCs增殖数量明显增多（P<0.05）;蛋白免疫印迹结果显示,TMP组和TMP+EGTA组NSCs的神经元分化率明显增高,TMP+EGTA组分化率增高更明显（P<0.05）。结论：TMP能显著增强NSCs的增殖和神经元分化率。减少细胞外Ca²⁺可促进TMP诱导NSCs向神经元分化,Ca²⁺信号在TMP诱导NSCs向神经元分化过程中起重要作用。     

Tetramethylpyrazine reduces the consequences of nitric oxide inhibition in pregnant rats

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is closely associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality and we want to investigate tetramethylpyrazine (TMP)'s effects on PE. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal pregnant (PC), PE, PE+TMP 20 mg/kg, PE+TMP 40 mg/kg, and PE+TMP 60 mg/kg group. The PE rat model was established via L-NAME treatment. Systolic blood pressures (SBP) and urinary protein concentration were detected via the tail-cuff method and CBB kit, respectively. mRNA levels of key genes were analyzed via quantitative PCR and protein levels of key genes were measured by ELISA or western blot. TMP decreased SBP and urinary protein concentration of PE rats. TMP inhibited L-NAME-induced decrease in pups alive ratio, pups weight, and the ratio of pups/placenta weight and reversed L-NAME induced changes in placental histology, whereas it had little effect on placental weight. Urinary nephrin and podocin expressions were enhanced and serum placental growth factor level was decreased in PE rats, whereas TMP inhibited the above phenomena. TMP suppressed L-NAME-induced sFlt-1 upregulation in serums and kidneys of PE rats, whereas it downregulated IL-6 and MCP-1 expression in PE rats' serums, placentas and kidneys. TMP also suppressed the increase in placental sFlt-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor level caused by L-NAME. In addition, TMP inhibited CHOP and GRP78 expressions and decreased the ratio of p-elF2α/elF2α in PE rats. TMP attenuated the consequences of NO inhibition in pregnant rats.     

川芎嗪对猪冠状动脉平滑肌细胞大电导钙激活钾通道的作用

本工作旨在研究川芎嗪对猪冠状动脉平滑肌细胞钾通道的作用,为阐明其扩张冠状动脉血管的机制提供实验依据。采用膜片钳细胞贴附式和内面向外式记录方式观察川芎嗪对猪冠状动脉平滑肌细胞大电导钙激活钾通道(large-conductance Ca2+- activated potassium channels,BKCa channels)的作用,分别用蛋白激酶A(protein kinase A,PKA)抑制剂H-89和蛋白激酶G (protein kinase G,PKG)抑制剂KT-5823处理细胞,再观察川芎嗪对BKCa通道作用的变化。结果表明在研究的0．73-8．07 mmol/L浓度范围,川芎嗪可以剂量依赖性地激活BKCa通道,使通道的开放概率从(0．01±0．003)增加到(0．03±0．01)-(．21± 0．18)(P<0．01,n=10),使通道平均关闭时间从(732．33±90．67)ms降低到(359．67±41．30)-(2．96±0．52)ms(P<0．01, n=10)。川芎嗪的这种激活作用在浴液游离钙离子浓度接近0 mmol/L时也存在。PKA的特异性抑制剂H-89(3 μmol/L)和 PKG的特异性抑制剂KT-5823(1 μmol/L)对川芎嗪激活BKCa通道的作用无影响。以上结果提示:川芎嗪能直接激活冠状动脉平滑肌BKCa通道,这种作用可能是川芎嗪扩张冠状动脉血管的一种重要机制。     

Tetramethylpyrazine induces heme oxygenase-1 expression and attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

The accumulation of oxygen free radicals and activation of neutrophils are strongly implicated as pathophysiological mechanisms mediating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been reported to play a protective role in oxidative tissue injuries. In this study, the cardioprotective activity of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), an active ingredient of Chinese medicinal herb Ligusticum wallichii Franchat, was evaluated in an open-chest anesthetized rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pretreatment with TMP (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.v.) before left coronary artery occlusion significantly suppressed the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation. After 45 min of ischemia and 1 h of reperfusion, TMP (5 and 10 mg/kg) caused a significant reduction in infarct size and induced HO-1 expression in ischemic myocardium. The HO inhibitor ZnPP (50 μg/rat) markedly reversed the anti-infarct action of TMP. Superoxide anion production in ischemic myocardium after 10 min reperfusion was inhibited by TMP. Furthermore, TMP (200 and 500 μM) significantly suppressed fMLP (800 nM)-activated human neutrophil migration and respiratory burst. In conclusion, TMP suppresses ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias and reduces the infarct size resulting from ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. This cardioprotective activity of TMP may be associated with its antioxidant activity via induction of HO-1 and with its capacity for neutrophil inhibition.     

川芎嗪体外诱导小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞的研究

为了探讨川芎嗪体外诱导小鼠骨髓间质干细胞（BMSCs）分化为神经元样细胞的作用,以小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞为研究对象,实验分为空白对照组、β-巯基乙醇（BME）阳性对照组和川芎嗪诱导组。采用荧光免疫化学和Western blot方法,分别检测神经干细胞巢蛋白（nestin）和经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）的表达;RT-PCR检测诱导不同时间对神经细胞相关基因Nestin、NSE、β-微管蛋白III（β-Tubulin III）和核受体相关因子-1（Nurr1）mRNA表达的影响。结果显示川芎嗪诱导间充质干细胞24 h后,细胞形态发生显著改变,细胞突起形成且数目不等,形成神经元样细胞。细胞死亡率低于β-巯基乙醇诱导组。免疫荧光化学法和western blot结果显示：川芎嗪诱导后的细胞nes-tin和NSE蛋白表达呈阳性,且表达丰度显著高于β-巯基乙醇诱导组。川芎嗪作用不同时间的BMSCs表达神经细胞相关基因Nestin、β-Tubulin III、NSE和Nurrl。结果表明川芎嗪能定向诱导小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞,是较理想的诱导剂。     

Phrymarolin-I,a Novel Lignan from Phryma leptostachya L.

A novel lignan, named phrymarolin-I, has been isolated from Phryma leptostachya L. The structure (I) for phrymarolin-I represents the first example of a lignan characterized by a l,2-dioxygenated-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane ring. Its stereochemistry was determined from NMR spectra.     

Rectal bacteria produce sex pheromones in the male oriental fruit fly

1. Download : Download high-res image (117KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image