Hair copper concentration in healthy children,teenagers, and adults living in Szczecin,Poland

The aim of this study was to assess the hair copper concentration in a population of healthy children, teenagers, and adults living in a specific region of Poland. For this purpose, 840 healthy individuals aged 1–50 yr living in Szczecin, Poland were selected for the study. They were divided into subgroups according to age and sex and the hair was analyzed for copper using a standard atomic absorption spectrometric technique. The level of copper was highest for the group including 11–15 yr old. In the other subgroups, the concentration of copper was lower than the values considered normal, suggesting the possibility of endemic copper deficiency in the inhabitants of this region.     

用心脏舒张期与收缩期时限比值评估青少年心脏功能

目的：观察青少年在安静状态及最大运动量状态下心脏舒张期时限与收缩期时限比值（D/S）的变化情况,并运用该指标对青少年心脏功能的评估进行探讨。方法：选取重庆市主城区中学309名（男159名,女150名）青少年为研究对象,受试者完成最大运动量的台阶运动,在安静状态和运动后即刻进行D/S比值的测试。根据安静状态D/S值的大小范围将受试者心脏功能分级为优（ D/S≥2）、良（1.5≤D/S<2）、中（1≤D/S<1.5）、差（D/S<1）。结果：安静状态下男生心脏功能评定为优、良、中、差的占比分别为： 7.5%、49.1%、 40.9%、2.5%;女生分别为： 5.3%、48.0%; 44.7%、2.0%。运动后男、女青少年D/S值都明显下降,但心脏功能评定等级高的受试者运动后D/S仍高于等级低的受试者。结论：本次研究的青少年虽有过半心脏功能处于健康状态,但处于亚健康状态的比例较高,有少部分学生心脏功能较差,其心脏健康应得到高度重视;心脏功能等级越高的学生运动后心脏供血时间越长,其心脏功能更好。应用D/S值可以有效评估青少年心脏供血时限的相关情况;对青少年心脏功能进行分级可以针对不同分级群体制定有针对性的运动训练,同时预防心脏安全事故的出现。该评估方法操作简单、客观,可作为一种日常的心脏监测手段在学校普及。     

Cognitive processing and motor skill learning in motor-handicapped teenagers: Effects of learning method

This study aimed to assess the efficiency of a motor skill learning method intended to promote learning course personalization through an increase in cognitive processing deployment in motor-handicapped persons. Thirty-three secondary school students volunteered to participate in an archery motor skill learning session, 11 motor-handicapped (MH₁) and 11 able-bodied (AB) teenagers following a standard learning method, and 11 motor-handicapped teenagers following a cognitive enriched learning method (MH₂) based on the use of an individually written and illustrated document. The results showed that MH₁ displayed lower performances than AB, both in terms of the mental representations of the movements expected and performed and of efficiency of the movement. On the other hand, MH₂ performances were higher than MH₁ for all these parameters, and similar to those of AB at the end of the learning session. Personalization of the learning course allowed optimization of the learning potential in motor-handicapped teenagers to resolve the difficulties inherent to their handicap.     

Visceral Adipose Tissue and Markers of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Obese Black and White Teenagers

Objective: To determine the relationships between visceral and general adiposity, cardiovascular fitness, and markers of the insulin resistance syndrome in obese black and white teenagers. Research Methods and Procedures: Cross‐sectional survey of 81 obese 13‐ to 16‐year‐old youths. Visceral adipose tissue was measured with magnetic resonance imaging, and percentage body fat was measured with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Cardiovascular fitness was assessed with a submaximal treadmill test. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for lipids/lipoproteins and insulin. Resting blood pressure was obtained using an automated cuff. Results: Visceral adipose tissue was significantly correlated with unfavorable levels of: triacylglycerol (r = 0.27, p < 0.05), total cholesterol (r = 0.27, p < 0.05), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = ?0.26, p < 0.05), the ratio of total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.42, p < 0.01), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.27, p < 0.05), apolipoprotein B (r = 0.38, p < 0.01), and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.30, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analyses revealed that visceral adipose tissue was more powerful than percentage body fat for explaining variance in lipoproteins (e.g., for the ratio of total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, r² = 0.13, p < 0.01, and for systolic blood pressure, r² = 0.07, p < 0.05). Ethnicity was the most powerful of the demographic predictors for blood lipids (r² = 0.15 for triacylglycerol with lower levels in blacks; r² = 0.10 for high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol with higher levels in blacks; r² = 0.06 for the ratio of total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol with lower levels in blacks). Cardiovascular fitness was not retained as a significant predictor of markers of the insulin resistance syndrome. Discussion: Some of the deleterious relationships between visceral adiposity and markers for the insulin resistance syndrome seen in adults were already present in these obese young people.     

在生理学研究中如何正确把握试验设计三要素

目的：为从事生理学研究的科研工作者制订科学完善的试验设计方案提供一些有效的技术方法。方法：通过正面阐述三要素和正确把握每个要素的关键点;再通过分析已发表的学术论文中未妥善把握三要素的案例,为生理学研究工作者在制订课题设计方案时能正确把握三要素提供具有可操作性的方法。结果：呈现出试验设计三要素的具体内容,即"受试对象"、"影响因素"和"试验效应",并且,为如何正确把握每个要素提供具体措施。结论：试验设计的三要素是从事试验研究的"物质基础",正确把握它们是制订出科学完善试验设计方案的重要环节之一。