INVITED SPECIAL PAPER: History of the botanical teaching laboratory in the United States

The establishment of teaching laboratories for botany in the United States was strongly influenced in the early part of the 19th century by the founding of a laboratory of natural history at the Rensselaer School by Amos Eaton who inspired numerous educators, particularly women. By midcentury and later, botany programs were established at land-grant colleges and the so-called “new Botany” movement spread from them. In the latter part of the century additional changes were brought about by the influence of German laboratory activity and botanists’ reactions to the introduction of the Huxley-Martin biology programs to America. During these times, Americans were improving their own manufactured microscopes, laboratory supplies, and equipment capabilities. By the beginning of the 20th century, laboratory teaching of botanical subjects was widely accepted as normal in universities and colleges, as well as in some high schools.     

知识内化为导向的教学策略在高校微生物学教学中的应用

将教学知识内化为学生素质是提高学生知识应用能力的基础。高校微生物学课程知识点多而散,如何根据不同知识点的特点,有效地促进知识内化是一线教师需要不断思考和学习的重要问题。作者总结多年的教学经验,介绍以知识内化为导向,以生活实例为媒介,向学生传授新知识点并完善学生知识体系的教学策略。实践表明,该种教学策略在一线教学中行之有效,能取得良好的教学效果。     

探索以“霍乱弧菌检测虚拟仿真实验”为载体的混合式实验教学模式

虚拟仿真实验是一种现代信息化和智慧教学的重要方法,对高等医学院校教学质量的发展起到重要的推进作用。我们自主开发建设的“霍乱弧菌检测与防控虚拟仿真实验”,既弥补了因生物安全问题不能开展的实验教学,也解决了微生物学检验实验教学中存在的操作标准化问题。采用“三步进阶”混合教学模式,实现以“学生为中心”的师生互动模式,创建“设计性实验报告”,与育人元素有机结合,培育医学生的职业使命感。细化考核标准,实现过程性评价。探索课前启发铺垫、课中内化升华、课后巩固拓展混合式实验教学模式,有效提高学生的实验技能,实现知行合一、素能共育的教学目标。     

“双一流”建设背景下民族院校微生物学课程教学改革与实践

针对民族院校不同专业学生对微生物学知识的需要,我们在教学内容、教学方式、教学资源等方面进行改革和实践,建立了系统性、针对性、前沿性和实效性相结合的"四性"教学内容,创立了理论与实践相结合、课内与课外相结合、教学与科研相结合的"三结合"教学方式,构建了"以学生为中心"的自主学习网络平台,加强学生创新能力培养,提高了教学质量。     

基于“抗疫精神”的“基因工程”课程思政教学设计与实践

课程思政是当前高校落实“立德树人”根本任务的重要形式。在抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中,中华民族同舟共济、守望相助,共同铸就了伟大的抗疫精神,为课程思政教学提供了最生动的元素。本文对“战疫”行动中的抗疫精神进行梳理和总结,将其内涵凝练为5项内容;以新型冠状病毒的“核酸检测、疫苗研制及其变异”中蕴含的“抗疫精神”为思政载体,甄选“基因工程”课程中对应的理论内容,开展聚焦抗疫精神的“基因工程”课程思政教学设计与实践研究,利用问卷法和深度访谈法对教学实施效果进行评价,旨在引导学生在学习专业理论知识的同时,感悟课程内容中蕴含的抗疫精神,并将其内化为价值追求,潜移默化中提升学生的思想意识和道德修养,同时为生物类其他专业课程思政教学提供参考和借鉴。     

对生化分离技术实验的探讨

实验教学的改进和提高,是教学改革的重要一环。阐述了作者在教学实践的过程中,对生化分离技术实验中的原料选取、处理方法、仪器设备等方面所作的改进尝试而取得的成效。     

《酶工程》教学与课程建设的探讨

酶工程是生物技术专业的主干课程,其主要内容是研究酶的生产和应用。为了使酶工程的教学适合时代发展的需要,培养合格的从事酶工程研究及生产的技术人才,以多年酶工程教学实践为基础,集中介绍该门课程教学与建设的体会及其思考。     

Land Reform and Land-Use Changes in the Lower Amazon: Implications for Agricultural Intensification

Land tenure has been considered one of the key factors that define patterns and change in land-use systems. This paper examines the implications of land reform for household decisions regarding patterns of land use, agricultural intensification, and forest conservation. We look at an Amazonian caboclo settlement in the Lower Amazon that had experienced land reform by the end of the 1980s. Results show that defined land tenure is not enough to guarantee agricultural intensification and forest conservation. In fact, several factors working at different scales are affecting land-use change in the region. At the settlement level, privatization of upland forest has led to an overall increase in cultivated land—pasture and annual crops—and increasing deforestation rates. However, at the farm-property level, different systems of agricultural production—intensive, extensive, or abandonment of land—occur according to availability of labor, and capital, and access to different natural resources.     

PBL结合询证医学模式在普通外科临床教学中的应用

目的:基于问题的学习(PBL)结合询证医学(EMB)模式在普通外科临床教学中的应用。方法:选择2015年9月到2016年1月在我院学习的普通外科专业学生74例纳入本次研究,根据简单数字随机表法将其划分为观察组(PBL结合EBM教学模式)以及对照组(传统教学模式)各37例,对比两组考试成绩,课程相关指标,以及评优情况。结果:观察组的基础知识得分、主观题考试得分、个案分析得分以及总分均分别明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组的课前准备时间、课堂发言次数及授课满意度均明显大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组药物选择合理、患者状态评估准确以及符合临床实际上的评优率均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PBL结合EBM模式应用在普通外科的临床教学过程中,效果明显,能较好地激发学生学习兴趣并提高其学习成绩,还可提升学生的评优率,值得给予推广。