三种植物对土壤磷吸收和富集能力的比较北大核心CSCD

筛选磷富集植物是磷矿废弃地土壤与植被修复的关键。该文以向日葵(Helianthus annuus)、苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)、南瓜(Cucurbita moschata)为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,设置5个磷浓度(0、100、300、500和700 mg·kg–1),分别在3个不同生长时段(4周、7周、10周)内采样,对这3种植物的磷吸收和富集能力进行了比较。结果表明:(1)在相同生长时间内,向日葵、苏丹草、南瓜的地上部磷含量均随磷处理浓度的升高而增大,最大值分别为9.67 g·kg–1、4.86 g·kg–1、6.32 g·kg–1;相同浓度下,向日葵地上部磷含量随着生长时间的延长呈上升趋势,苏丹草则呈下降趋势,南瓜无显著变化;(2)3种植物的地上部磷累积量均在磷处理浓度为700 mg·kg–1时,生长10周后达到最大值,分别为217.83 mg·plant–1、93.92 mg·plant–1、135.82 mg·plant–1;(3)各浓度处理下,向日葵、苏丹草的地上部磷富集系数和转移系数均大于1.00,南瓜的地上部磷富集系数和转移系数波动较大;向日葵的富集系数和转移系数最大值分别达11.39和4.09。综合比较可知,3种植物磷吸收和富集能力的大小顺序为:向日葵>南瓜>苏丹草。向日葵各项富磷特征基本符合磷富集植物的筛选标准,可作为磷矿废弃地土壤与植被修复的备选物种。     

三种植物对土壤磷吸收和富集能力的比较

筛选磷富集植物是磷矿废弃地土壤与植被修复的关键。该文以向日葵(Helianthus annuus)、苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)、南瓜(Cucurbita moschata)为研究对象, 采用盆栽试验, 设置5个磷浓度(0、100、300、500和700 mg·kg^-1), 分别在3个不同生长时段(4周、7周、10周)内采样, 对这3种植物的磷吸收和富集能力进行了比较。结果表明: (1)在相同生长时间内, 向日葵、苏丹草、南瓜的地上部磷含量均随磷处理浓度的升高而增大, 最大值分别为9.67 g·kg^-1、4.86 g·kg^-1、6.32 g·kg^-1; 相同浓度下, 向日葵地上部磷含量随着生长时间的延长呈上升趋势, 苏丹草则呈下降趋势, 南瓜无显著变化; (2) 3种植物的地上部磷累积量均在磷处理浓度为700 mg·kg^-1时, 生长10周后达到最大值, 分别为217.83 mg·plant^-1、93.92 mg·plant^-1、135.82 mg·plant^-1; (3)各浓度处理下, 向日葵、苏丹草的地上部磷富集系数和转移系数均大于1.00, 南瓜的地上部磷富集系数和转移系数波动较大; 向日葵的富集系数和转移系数最大值分别达11.39和4.09。综合比较可知, 3种植物磷吸收和富集能力的大小顺序为: 向日葵>南瓜>苏丹草。向日葵各项富磷特征基本符合磷富集植物的筛选标准, 可作为磷矿废弃地土壤与植被修复的备选物种。     

Niche Distribution of Paratrichodorus minor and Belonolaimus longicaudatus Following Fumigation on Potato and Cabbage

An experiment was conducted to determine population changes and niche variation in the soil at two depths (0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm) of Paratrichodorus minor and Belonolaimus longicaudatus populations following fumigation. Eight plots each of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), fumigated with 1, 3-dichloropropene or nonfumigated, were established. Eight plots of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor × S. arundinaceum var. sudanense) were also used to monitor depth distribution (0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm) of B. longicaudatus and P. minor following each cabbage/potato season. Soil samples were taken 0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm deep during the potato/cabbage, and sorghum-sudangrass growing seasons. During the 1993-94 and 1994-95 potato/cabbage seasons, P. minor was found at highest numbers at 20 to 40 cm, whereas numbers of B. longicaudatus were highest at 0 to 20 cm. During the 1994 and 1995 sorghum-sudangrass growing seasons, B. longicaudatus numbers were highest at 0 to 20 cm. Paratrichodorus minor numbers were highest at 0 to 20 cm and at 20 to 40 cm deep in the 1994 and 1995 sorghum-sudangrass growing seasons, respectively. Reduction by soil fumigation of B. longicaudatus at 0 to 20 cm deep did not affect depth distribution or cause P. minor populations to increase in potato or cabbage plots. Paratrichodorus minor numbers increased at 20 to 40 cm deep in the 1994-95 cabbage season after soil fumigation.