Lethal and sublethal effects of spiromesifen,spirotetramat and spirodiclofen on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Lethal and sublethal effects of spirotetramat, spiromesifen and spirodiclofen were assessed on Tetranychus urticae Koch. Leaf disc bioassay was used in all experiments. In this study, toxicity of these compounds was tested on T. urticae eggs and adults. Ovicidal activity was observed in all of the compounds tested, but only spirodiclofen was considerably effective against adult mites. Up to 24?h-old adult females were placed on leaf discs treated with sublethal concentrations (LC₁₀ or LC₂₅). Twenty-four hours after exposure to treated discs, 20 females showing no visible symptoms of poisoning were transferred to untreated leaf discs. The leaf discs were changed daily for up to five days. The number of eggs laid during this period was recorded. The survival rate, total number of laid eggs per female and egg hatching rate were calculated. All above-mentioned parameters were slightly lower in treated females compared with controls.     

Joint action of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria fumosorosea and four chemical insecticides against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci

The strain IfB01 of Isaria fumosorosea (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) is a promising myco-insecticide candidate for control of Bemisia tabaci. Joint action of strain IfB01 and four chemical insecticides [spirotetramat (Spi), acetamiprid (Ace), imidacloprid (Imi) and thiamethoxam (Thi)] against the whitefly B. tabaci was evaluated using the cooperative virulence index (c.f.). Substantial synergistic actions were found in the mixtures of IfB01 conidia with Spi, Imi and Thi 2–4 days after treatment. The greatest synergism was recorded in the mixture of IfB01 (2.5 × 10⁶ conidia/L) and Imi (12.5 mg/L), which had a c.f. value of 184 at day 3 after treatment. Furthermore, the shorter LT₅₀ values recorded in mixtures indicated that effectiveness improved when the conidia were applied with the chemical insecticides. However, no substantial synergisms were recorded with Ace and from day 5 onwards.     

二斑叶螨不同抗性品系最佳内参基因的筛选及CYP392E亚家族基因的表达分析

【目的】 筛选二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae敏感品系（SS）、 抗阿维菌素品系(Av-R)和抗螺虫乙酯品系（Sp-R）中合适的内参基因, 研究二斑叶螨不同抗性品系CYP392E亚家族基因表达水平的变化。【方法】采用实时荧光定量PCR （quantitative real time PCR, qRT-PCR）技术, 对二斑叶螨α-tubulin, β-actin, ELFn, GAPDH, 5.8S rRNA基因和SDHA共6个看家基因的表达稳定性进行分析以期筛选出合适的内参基因, 并在此基础上进一步分析二斑叶螨不同品系P450酶系CYP392E亚家族基因的表达量差异。【结果】在二斑叶螨SS, Av-R和Sp-R品系中稳定性最高的内参基因为ELFn。以ELFn为内参基因, CYP392E7基因相对表达量在二斑叶螨Av-R品系中显著高于SS品系(P<0.05), 为后者的2.18倍, 而在Sp-R品系和SS品系中差异不显著; 其余基因的相对表达量在2个抗性品系中均没有增加, Av-R品系的CYP392E4, CYP392E9和CYP392E10基因以及Sp-R品系的CYP392E1和CYP392E9基因相对表达量甚至显著下调, 分别为SS品系的48%, 74%, 65%, 63%和73%。【结论】在二斑叶螨SS, Av-R和Sp-R品系中ELFn为理想的内参基因, Av-R品系CYP392E4, CYP392E7, CYP392E9和CYP392E10基因相对表达量的显著变化可能与二斑叶螨对阿维菌素的抗性形成有关, Sp-R品系CYP392E1和CYP392E9基因也可能与二斑叶螨对螺虫乙酯的抗性形成有一定联系。     

Field efficacy of biorational insecticides against Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) in sorghum

Abstract

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), is a major pest in diverse sorghum-growing regions, affecting yields if no effective control measures are implemented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the field efficacy of commercial formulations of biorational insecticides against this pest. All the evaluated biorational insecticides exerted acceptable biological efficacy for at least 7 days after application. The insecticides based on fatty acid potassium salts (Ultralux^® S and Impide^®) maintained aphid density below the established threshold of 50 aphids per leaf up to 14 days after application. The results obtained suggest that biorational insecticides can be included in the integrated management of M. sacchari.