Isolation of a brain peptide identical to the intestinal PHI (peptide HI)

The isolation of a brain peptide identical to the intestinal peptide PHI (peptide HI) is described. The peptide was isolated from porcine brain extract using a chemical assay method based on its C-terminal isoleucine amide structure. The complete amino acid sequence of the peptide was found to be: His-Ala-Asp-Gly-Val-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Phe-Ser-Arg-Leu-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala- Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Ser-Leu-Ile-NH2. This sequence is identical to the intestinal peptide thus demonstrating PHI to be a brain-gut peptide. The role of PHI in the central nervous system as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator is discussed.     

造礁石珊瑚群落结构研究的概况,问题和前景

造礁石珊瑚作为珊瑚礁生态系统中的关键生物类群,其群落结构是珊瑚礁系统研究中的一个重 要方面。本文回顾了20余年以来世界各国对造礁石珊瑚群落结构研究所取得的主要进展和认识,指出了目前研究中存在的问题并分析了不同空间范围研究结论之间的缺乏一致性和中等干扰假说的不足。 最后,结合珊瑚礁生态系统基础理论和应用发展的需求,本文探讨了造礁石珊瑚群落结构研究的前景。     

不同产地天麻氨基酸的含量测定

氨基酸用途广泛,人们对氨基酸质量和品种的要求也越来越高.我国氨基酸从无到有,到现在的大市场份额,经历了五十多年的发展历程,其中包括谷氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸和蛋氨酸在内的大品种氨基酸已经发展成为全球的主要供应品种,部分小品种氨基酸已形成自己的优势.绿色制造和现代生物技术的应用将成为氨基酸行业发展的主流.本文重点论述了我国氨基酸品种的现状、水平以及未来发展方向.     

孝感城区中老年对慢性病及社区管理现状认知情况的调查研究

目的:调查孝感城区中老年对慢性病及其社区管理现状认知情况。方法:选择2010年7月至2015年7月在孝感城区3个社区的500名中老年人作为研究对象,利用自拟调查问卷对所有受试者进行数据调查,分析孝感城区中老年对慢性病的认知情况,及对慢性病社区管理现状的认知情况,分析影响慢性病认知的因素。结果:在慢性病种类中,孝感城区中老年人对于高血压和糖尿病,及风湿性关节炎与慢性支气管炎的认知率较高,而对于癌症、偏瘫及血栓的认知率较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在慢性病的危险因素中,孝感城区中老年人对于缺乏锻炼、吸烟及膳食不合理的认知率明显较高,而对于酗酒、缺乏保健知识及悲观情绪的认知率明显较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在慢性病社区管理现状上,孝感城区中老年对于指导其改变生活习惯的认知率较高,为62.00%,而在进行三级预防、强化慢性病自我管理、定期举办慢性病专题讲座以及建立社区卫生的信息服务平台等方面的认知率明显较低,分别为22.40%、36.80%、42.20%及21.80%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic分析显示,文化程度低、经济收入低、未患慢性病及年龄≥60岁均为慢性病认知的危险因素。结论:孝感城区中老年对慢性病及其社区管理现状认知仍存在一定的不足,相关社区卫生管理部门应针对问题的影响因素,积极采取措施,改善社区管理现状。     

基于计量学方法分析数字PCR技术的临床应用现状与技术热点

近年来数字PCR技术作为第三代PCR技术迅猛发展,已被应用于无创产前筛查、病毒核酸检测及肿瘤液体活检等领域。以中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed医学文献检索服务系统及Incopat专利数据库收录的与“数字PCR技术临床应用”相关的中英文论文和专利文献为数据源,利用计量学方法分析了数字PCR临床应用现状与技术热点趋势,明确该技术的主要研究机构包括美国弗雷德-哈钦森肿瘤研究中心、哈佛医学院丹娜法伯癌症研究所和Bio-Rad公司等。中文文献发表机构中检验检疫部门和疾控中心占比较高。国内外数字PCR技术研究主要聚焦于肿瘤伴随诊断、病毒检测和基因表达分析等方面。中国数字PCR技术研究热情较高,专利申请已展现出国际领先趋势。     

潍坊市公立医院卫生人才流失的现状分析及对策研究

目的 对公立医院卫生人才流失现状进行实证研究,分析其原因并提出相应对策。方法 采用分层抽样方法对潍坊市29家公立医院卫生人才进行问卷调查。结果 公立医院卫生人才流失现象较为普遍,流失率为30.9%,流失原因多为个人发展、薪酬、执业环境。结论 应采取相应对策提高公立医院卫生人才的稳定性,完善相应的管理机制,规范人才的合理流动。     

Dynamics of characteristics of electrical activity recorded from tropho-and ergotropic zones of the rat hypothalamus in long-term emotional stress

We examined the dynamics of the spectral powers and indices of frequency components of background field electrical activity recorded from tropho-and ergotropic zones of the rat hypothalamus (electrohypothalamogram, EHtG) in the course of long-term (21 weeks) emotional stress induced by a zooconflict situation. Low-frequency delta-range (0.5 to 3.5 Hz) oscillations dominated in EHtGs recorded from both hypothalamic zones of both control and stressed animals. The integral power of EHtG oscillations underwent significant changes within the observation period; it considerably increased on the 6th to 9th week, dropped within the 12th to 18th week, and, after this (up to the 21st week) again increased, i.e., the dynamics, in general, were threephase. The dynamics of the power of separate frequency components of EHtG showed certain similarities to the dynamics of the integral power. Changes in the EHtG power in stressed animals were characterized by a shorter duration and greater rate; the powers of all EHtG components in these animals were lower than in control ones within a greater part of the observation period. The dynamics of the normalized powers and of the indices of different EHtG rhythms in stressed and control animals, especially the dynamics of dominating oscillations of the delta and theta ranges, were to a certain extent opposite. Our data show that changes in the EHtG can be electrographic correlates of subsequent phases of a long-lasting stress reaction of the organism in the course of the experiment; specific features of manifestation of these modifications in the tropho-and ergotropic hypothalamic zones are related to a certain specificity of the hormonal/transmitter mechanisms in the structures under study. Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 69–80, January–February, 2007.     

从文献统计看我国离子束生物技术的发展

本文检索了1994-2003年间离子束技术在生物领域的应用研究文章,并从文献量,研究材料及研究的水平,期刊,离子源和基金来源等五个方面对其进行了统计和分析。统计结果表明,我国离子束生物技术在国家和地方政府院校的支持下得到了较快发展,其中微生物领域的发展最快;进入21世纪,地方政府院校开始逐渐加大对离子束生物技术的支持,并出现了有企业人员参与研究和企业基金支持的文献;文献内容主要是应用研究,基础研究较为匮乏。在综合分析数据的基础上,展望了我国离子束生物技术的未来发展趋势。     

Suicidal process,suicidal communication and psychosocial situation of young suicide attempters in a rural Vietnamese community

The study aimed to explore the suicidal process, suicidal communication and psychosocial situation of young suicide attempters in a rural community in Hanoi, Vietnam. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, in a community setting, with 19 suicide attempters aged 15-24 who had been consecutively hospitalized in an intensive care unit. In 12 of 19 cases, the first pressing, distinct and constant suicidal thoughts appeared less than one day before the suicide attempt in question. However, distress and mild, fleeting suicidal thoughts had been present up to six months before the suicide attempt in 16 cases. Five respondents had a suicide plan one to three days before attempting suicide. Altogether, 13 engaged in some form of suicidal communication before their attempt. This communication was, however, difficult for outsiders to interpret. Twelve of the respondents were victims of regular physical abuse and 16 had suffered psychological violence for at least one year before attempting suicide. Eighteen of the respondents used pesticides or raticides in their suicide attempts. None sought advice or consultation in the community despite long-standing psychosocial problems. The strategy of reducing the availability of suicide means (e.g., pesticides or raticides) in Asian countries should be complemented with a long-term suicide-preventive strategy that targets school dropouts and domestic violence, and promotes coping abilities and communication about psychological and social problems as well as recognition of signs of distress and suicidal communication.