Therapeutic efficacy of rifaximin loaded tamarind gum polysaccharide nanoparticles in TNBS induced IBD model Wistar rats

BackgroundRifaximin is a non-systemic antibiotic used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Antibiotics are demonstrating a significant role in the treatment of IBD by altering the dysbiotic colonic microbiota and decreases the immunogenic and inflammatory response in the patient population. Mucoadhesive colon targeted nanoparticles provide the site-specific delivery and extended stay in the colon. Since the bacteria occupy the lumen, spread over the surface of epithelial cells, and adhere to the mucosa, delivering the rifaximin as a nanoparticles with the mucoadhesive polymer enhances the therapeutic efficacy in IBD. The objective was to fabricate and characterize the rifaximin loaded tamarind gum nanoparticles and study the therapeutic efficacy in the TNBS-induced IBD model ratsMaterials and methodsThe experimentation includes fabrication and characterization of drug excipient compatibility by FTIR. The fabricated nanoparticles were characterized for the hydrodynamic size and zeta potential by photon correlation spectroscopy and also analyzed by TEM. Selected best formulation was subjected to the therapeutic efficacy study in TNBS-induced IBD rats, and the macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical parameters were reported.ResultsThe study demonstrated that the formulation TGN1 is best formulation in terms of nanoparticle characterization and hydrodynamic size which showed the hydrodynamic size of 171.4 nm and the zeta potential of −26.44 mV and other parameters such as TEM and drug release studies were also reported.ConclusionsThe therapeutic efficacy study revealed that TGN1 is efficiently reduced the IBD inflammatory conditions as compared to the TNBS control group and reference drug mesalamine group.     

基于概率话题模型的轻微型肝性脑病患者肠道菌群结构研究

【目的】利用LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation)概率话题模型分析轻微型肝性脑病(MHE)患者服用利福昔明联合益生菌对其肠道菌群结构异质性和临床疗效的影响。【方法】采用R语言包中的LDA概率话题模型的折叠Gibbs抽样蒙特卡洛算法,对MHE患者肠道菌群结构的时间异质性OTUs(operational taxonomic unit)数据集进行分析。【结果】LDA模型将MHE患者的42份粪便样本分成3个主题(topic),并能鉴定出影响MHE患者肠道菌群异质性结构最大的OTUs菌属,分别为埃希菌属(Escherichia)、类杆菌属(Bacteroides)和链球菌属(Streptococcus)。对比治疗前后,这3种菌属在组内的变异模式为同类型菌属的转变次数和频率均高于不同类型的菌属。利福昔明联合益生菌治疗组和单独利福昔明治疗组治疗后,MHE患者的肠道菌群结构均有所改变(P0.05)。此外,根据临床疗效指标,对比两组患者治疗后血清IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、TBIL、ALT、CRP、NCT-A、γ-GGT及血氨水平,观察组明显优于对照组,差异显著,有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组总有效率88.8%,不良反应总发生率22.2%,对照组总有效率75%,不良反应总发生率38.5%(P0.05)。【结论】LDA模型不仅能有效地量化菌群结构的异质性,还能鉴定出相对应影响异质性最大的OTUs。利福昔明联合益生菌疗法能明显改善MHE患者的血氨水平和血清炎性因子水平,且对MHE患者的肠道菌群结构也有一定的改变,具体表现为致病菌数量减少,有益菌数量增加,具有较好的临床应用价值。