血清胃泌素变化与急性胃粘膜病变关系的研究

对大白鼠血清中胃泌素水平的变化与急性胃粘膜病变的关系进行了初步的研究,结果表明以消炎痛为诱因引起的急性胃粘膜病变大白鼠血清胃泌素水平明显增高。而维酶素可以抑制因消炎痛引起的急性胃粘膜病变时血清胃泌素的释放,对胃粘膜具有保护作用。     

Antimalarial Properties of Imipramine and Amitriptyline12

Dietary riboflavin deficiency is known to diminish malarial parasitemia. In this study, we determined whether imipramine and amitriptyline, drugs which inhibit riboflavin metabolism, have antimalarial efficacy. In addition, we evaluated whether these drugs, like other antimalarial agents, increase the hemolytic response to ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP). The growth of Plasmodium falciparum (FCR3) in the absence and presence of these drugs (10 to 75 μM) was measured by determining (³H)hypoxanthine uptake by intraerythrocytic parasites for 48 h in RPMI 1640 medium. The uptake of (³H)hypoxanthine was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner by both imipramine and amitriptyline. The IC₅₀ values of imipramine and amitriptyline at 48 h were 56 and 45 μM, respectively. Both drugs enhanced hemolysis induced by FP (10 or 20 μM). No hemolysis by these drugs was detected in the absence of FP. It is concluded that the tricyclic antidepressants, imipramine and amitriptyline, possess substantial antimalarial properties.     

Purine transport by Malpighian tubules of pteridine-deficient eye color mutants of Drosophila melanogaster

Uptakes of guanine into Malpighian tubules of wild-type Drosophila and the eye color mutants white (w), brown (bw), and pink-peach (p ^p) have been compared. Tubules for each of these mutants are unable to concentrate guanine intracellularly. The transport of xanthine and riboflavin is also deficient in w tubules. The transport of guanosine, adenine, hypoxanthine, and guanosine monophosphate is similar in wild-type and white Malpighian tubules. These data and other information about these mutants make it likely that these pteridine-deficient eye color mutants do not produce pigments because of the inability to transport a pteridine precursor. This view supports the hypothesis that mutants which lack both pteridine and ommochromes do so because precursors to both classes of pigments share a common transport system.This work was supported by Grant GM22366 from NIH.     

Modulation of the Purine Pathway for Riboflavin Production in Flavinogenic Recombinant Strain of the Yeast Candida famata

Riboflavin (vitamin B₂) is an indispensable nutrient for humans and animals, since it is the precursor of the essential coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), involved in variety of metabolic reactions. Riboflavin is produced on commercial scale and is used for feed and food fortification purposes, and in medicine. Until recently, the mutant strains of the flavinogenic yeast Candida famata were used in industry for riboflavin production. Guanosine triphosphate is the immediate precursor of riboflavin synthesis. Therefore, the activation of metabolic flux toward purine nucleotide biosynthesis is a promising approach to improve riboflavin production. The phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase are the rate limiting enzymes in purine biosynthesis. Corresponding genes PRS3 and ADE4 from yeast Debaryomyces hansenii are modified to avoid feedback inhibition and cooverexpressed on the background of a previously constructed riboflavin overproducing strain of C. famata. Constructed strain accumulates twofold more riboflavin when compared to the parental strain.     

Sensitive monitoring of riboflavin in commercial multivitamins using poly (chitosan)‐based nanocomposite

The rapid and sensitive determination of riboflavin (RF) is important for the treatment of seborrheic and glossitis dermatitis, sunlight sensitivity, mucosal, and skin disorders. In this work, an electrochemical sensor was developed by electrodes modification using poly (chitosan) to sensitive detection of RF in commercial multivitamin. Electrodeposition of chitosan on the surface of glass carbon electrode was performed using cyclic voltammetry technique in the range of ?1 to +1 V. The modified electrode surface morphology was characterized using a high‐resolution field emission scanning electron microscope. The modified electrode was used as an effective electrical interface for the detection of RF using cyclic, differential pulse, and square wave voltammetry techniques. Finally, the sensor was applied to determine RF in commercial multivitamins. In optimum conditions, the linear range for the standard sample of RF and commercial multivitamins 94 to 333μM and 24.6 to 176μM were obtained, respectively. Low limit of quantification (LLOQ) were obtained as 24.6μM.     

Recent update on lactic acid bacteria producing riboflavin and folates: application for food fortification and treatment of intestinal inflammation

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), widely used as starter cultures for the fermentation of a large variety of food, can improve the safety, shelf life, nutritional value and overall quality of the fermented products. In this regard, the selection of strains delivering health-promoting compounds is now the main objective of many researchers. Although most LAB are auxotrophic for several vitamins, it is known that certain strains have the capability to synthesize B-group vitamins. This is an important property since humans cannot synthesize most vitamins, and these could be obtained by consuming LAB fermented foods. This review discusses the use of LAB as an alternative to fortification by the chemical synthesis to increase riboflavin and folate concentrations in food. Moreover, it provides an overview of the recent applications of vitamin-producing LAB with anti-inflammatory/antioxidant activities against gastrointestinal tract inflammation. This review shows the potential uses of riboflavin and folates producing LAB for the biofortification of food, as therapeutics against intestinal pathologies and to complement anti-inflammatory/anti-neoplastic treatments.     

Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism during respiratory infection in riboflavin deficient mice

Studies in children and mice have shown that respiratory infection alters riboflavin metabolism, resulting in increased urinary loss of this vitamin. This could be due to mobilization of riboflavin from the liver to blood because liver Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) levels were lowered in the mice during infection. To understand the functional implications of lowered hepatic FAD levels during respiratory infection, flavoprotein functions such as oxidative phosphorylation and β-oxidation of the liver mitochondria were examined during infection in mice. Weanling mice were fed either riboflavin-restricted or control diet for 18 days and then injected with a sublethal dose of Klebsiella pneumoniae. During infection, the state 3 respiratory rate with palmitoyl-L-carnitine and glutamate were significantly lowered (27–29%) in the riboflavin-restricted group, whereas in the control group 10% reduction was observed with palmitoyl-L-carnitine as substrate. A 22% reduction in the respiratory control ratio with palmitoyl-L-carnitine as substrate was observed during infection in the riboflavin-restricted group. The β-oxidation of palmitoyl-L-carnitine was significantly lowered (29%) in the riboflavin-restricted infected group. The results of the study suggest that the effects of infection on vital physiologic functions were more pronounced in the riboflavin-restricted mice than in the control mice. © Elsevier Science Inc. 1999     

光敏反应对过氧化氢酶的影响

光氧化反应中,纯过氧化氢酶活性受光敏化剂血卟啉Ⅳ和核黄素的抑制。随光敏化剂浓度增高及照光时间延长,抑制程度加大。酶与光敏化剂反应后吸收光谱位移,峰形改变。紫外差示吸收光谱出现229nm负峰(血卟啉)和236—240nm峰(核黄素)。结果表明酶活的抑制与其蛋白构象的变化相关。     

Eremothecium ashbyii T_(30)发酵产脂肪酶特性的研究

研究了一株核黄素高产突变株E .ashbyiiT3 0 产脂肪酶的条件 ,确定了比较合适的脂肪酶发酵培养基 :豆饼粉 30g/L ,玉米浆 30ml/L ,豆油 5ml/L ,KH2 PO4 5g/L ,MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0 15g/L ,pH消前7 5。T3 0 在此培养基上振荡培养 2 8h ,既定条件下测脂肪酶活力可达 2 32酶活单位 /ml(较原株提高 36 5 % ) ,从一个侧面证实其突变株特性。另外 ,对T3 0 所产脂肪酶的诱导酶属性及脂肪酶在T3 0 核黄素发酵过程中的作用也进行了初步探讨