Meeting Report: The 24th Fungal Genetics Conference at Asilomar, California, USA

<正>The 24~(th) Fungal Genetics Conference was recently held at the Asilomar Conference Center in the coastal town of Pacific Grove,Monterey County,California,USA,between March 20~(th) and 25~(th),2007.At this conference,there were 750 participants representing 33 countries,with the number of participants reaching the maximum holding capacity of the conference center.About 200 people were on the waiting list and could not attend the meeting because of space limitations.     

Seasonal and inter-annual variations of nitrogen diagenesis in the sediments of a recently impounded basin

The Méry-sur-Oise (France) storage reservoir is an artificial basin of 9 m average depth, fed by water from the river Oise with a mean residence time of about 4 days. Sediments are accumulating at a rate of about 0.7 cm/month. In the sediments, two fractions of organic nitrogen with different rates of bacterial degradation could be distinguished, one associated with fresh phytoplankton, the other made of detrital and more refractory compounds. The fluxes of oxygen, nitrate and ammonium across the sediment-water interface were measured with a bell-jar system at different seasons during a 3 year period following flooding of the basin. The measurements show clear seasonal variations in relation with the variations of temperature and input of fresh phytoplanktonic material to the sediment. In addition, a long term trend of increasing ammonium was observed. Measurements were also carried out after dredging of all accumulated sediments of the basin. They showed a considerable reduction of the flux of nitrate to the sediments and a significant reduction of the flux of ammonium to the water column.These results are interpreted in the light of a non stationary model of N diagenesis in accumulating sediments. This model is able to predict at least the general trends of benthic N cycling of basins during the early stage of their ecological succession.     

灌溉与施氮对黑河中游新垦农田土壤硝态氮积累及氮素利用率的影响

通过田间试验系统研究了黑河中游边缘绿洲区新垦沙地农田不同灌溉与施氮量 (0、140、221 kg N hm-2和300 kg N hm-2,分别为N0、N140、N221和N300) 对2m土层土壤硝态氮的积累和分布、春小麦产量、植株吸氮量及氮肥利用效率的影响.结果表明:在378～504 mm灌溉水平下,当施氮量大于221 kg hm-2(超过作物吸氮量)时会导致收获期NO-3-N在根层土壤剖面的显著积累 (50～140 kg hm-2);在灌溉量为630 mm时,收获期各处理根层土壤NO-3-N的积累量 (25～47 kg hm-2) 要低于播种前 (58～63 kg hm-2).当施氮量超过221 kg hm-2时,春小麦籽粒产量、地上干物质量、植株吸氮量、氮肥表观利用率及生理效率均不再显著增加,N221与N0、N140、N300相比,其籽粒产量分别提高46.7%、41.3%与9.5%,地上干物质量分别提高31.3%、25.2%与3.5%.灌溉水生产力的变化介于2.0～5.3 kg hm-2 mm-1,氮肥生产力的变化介于6.3～10.8 kg kg-1.研究还表明,灌溉与施氮对土壤贮水量的影响不显著,在378 mm低灌水量时,小麦产量与地上干物质量无显著的影响,这说明在黑河流域新垦沙地农田系统低灌溉 (灌溉量378 mm) 与221 kg hm-2施氮是最优的水肥耦合组合,因为在此管理模式下不仅可以获得相对较高的产量,而且灌溉水和氮素的利用效率较高,硝态氮的积累量较小.     

The Occurrence of Fungi in the Recently Discovered Jarkowicka Cave in the Karkonosze Mts. (Poland)

Our study is one of the very few cases of speleomycological research in recently discovered caves. The aim of this research was to assess the population size of fungal colonies and their species composition in the Jarkowicka cave, discovered in 2012. The air samples were taken from one location outside the cave and from two locations inside of it. Mycological evaluation of the rocks inside the cave was performed usingswab sampling procedure. In the Jarkowicka cave we found 22 species of fungi, including 13 isolated from air at the entrance and from the walls, and 8 species from air inside the cave. Cladosporium spp. were the fungi most frequently isolated from internal atmosphere of the Jarkowicka cave, and from the external air. On the other hand, the fungi most frequently isolated from the rocks were Mucor spp. We found several species not yet described as cave inhabitants: Hypocrea pachybasioides, Cladosporium uredinicola, and Embellisia abundans. Our study may provide a basis for comparison to other similar studies conducted in frequently visited caves by tourists.     

A change of course:JIPB to focus on fundamental questions in plant sciences

Benefited from the speedy development of omic tools and the use of model plants, such as rice, Arabidopsis and Medicargo, plant biologists have recently made tremendous breakthroughs in understanding plant growth,development, and response to environmental changes.