温度、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸和氯化钠对采后红毛丹果实几种生理指标与品质的影响

采后红毛丹（品种‘粉红’）果实贮于10℃下时呼吸速率下降、细胞膜透性减小、多酚氧化酶活性（PPO）下降、病害少;4℃下贮藏至第4天时即发生冷害;采后用3％抗坏血酸溶液、2％柠檬酸溶液和1％NaCl处理的红毛丹果实中含糖量和果皮花色素苷含量均不减小,其中以10℃下用化学药品处理的效果最显著。     

Host preferences of the cocoa pod borer,Conopomorpha cramerella,the main threat to cocoa production in Southeast Asia

Insects ensure the survival of their offspring by depositing their eggs in suitable environments. Even generalist egg-laying insects often show preferences for specific host plants. The cocoa pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), successfully infests and reproduces on relatively few host plants, but has a major economic impact only on cocoa, Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae). Choice tests were performed in the laboratory to compare the frequency of insect visits, the duration of the visits, and the number of eggs laid on the fruits for each combination of host plants tested – that is, cocoa clones or fruits of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.), Fijian longan (Pometia pinnata JR Forst & G Forst, both Sapindaceae), and langsat (Lansium domesticum Corrêa, Malvaceae). Our laboratory study showed that, when given the choice, CPB significantly favored cocoa pods over other host fruits (rambutan, langsat, or Fijian longan). Females also deposited more eggs on unripe fruits than on ripe fruits of similar size. The preference to lay eggs on specific cocoa clones in the bioassays did not reflect the level of the clone resistance to CPB damage reported from the field. Consequently, oviposition preference of female CPB does not seem to be the main factor explaining field resistance of some cocoa clones to CPB infestation.