对中职药剂专业学生化学类课程实践能力要求的调研报告

目的:对中职药剂专业化学类课程实践技能需求进行调研,为化学类课程实践性教学内容的优化组合提供依据,解决教学中存在内容重复、与生产实际脱节等问题。方法:通过问卷调查和访谈等方法对中职药剂专业化学类课程实践能力需求进行调查,数据统计分析采用了SPSS 13.0统计软件和Excel 2007软件。结果:将中职药剂专业化学类课程实践性教学内容进行优化组合,加强实际需要的实践性操作,剔除过时的陈旧内容。形成基础知识、基本操作技能、验证性实验技术、化学分析和仪器分析实验技术、综合实训、附录等六个模块内容,编撰了《药剂专业化学实训指导》,提出中职药剂专业化学类课程实践性教学的标准。结论:科学合理、与时俱进的实践教学内容能保证学生掌握行业需要的化学类实践技能,达到本专业学生应获得的职业资格证书中相应模块考证的基本要求,成为具有较强实际操作能力的高素质劳动者。     

On the teaching of ecological restoration in Brazil: an analysis of postgraduate courses

Several ambitious restoration targets have been set for recovering degraded ecosystems in Brazil (21 million hectares with a legal deficit of native vegetation). The development of scientific knowledge and skilled professionals is necessary to meet this demand and is fundamental for achieving success in medium‐ and long‐term restoration. In this study, we describe the availability and profile of postgraduate courses on ecological restoration in Brazil. We surveyed 272 postgraduate programs, comprising six specific areas of concentration (forestry, soil sciences, botany, environmental engineering, ecology, and environmental science). We analyzed all selected courses in terms of location, approach (economic, social, and legal), and restoration techniques. Only 27% of the postgraduate programs analyzed offer ecological restoration courses, and 49% of these are offered in the southeast region of the country. Regions covered by nonforest ecosystems, such as Pampas, Caatinga, and Pantanal, were poorly represented. Legal aspects were considered in 51% of the courses, whereas social and economic approaches were only considered in 2.7 and 11% of the courses, respectively. Seedling planting (85%) and nucleation (68%) were the most frequently cited techniques of active restoration, and passive restoration was mentioned in 63% of the courses. Our findings highlight the need for increasing postgraduate courses in areas with nonforest ecosystems, especially due to a lack of knowledge about restoration of these areas. The incorporation of economic and social approaches is highly recommended, considering the importance of these attributes in achieving success in large‐scale restoration initiatives.     

Professional certification in ecological restoration: improving the practice and the profession

Given increasing investments in ecological restoration around the globe, there is a need to develop standards of practice to improve professional training and encourage the highest quality of performance possible. Although professional certification is a mechanism for promoting and improving the profession, until now certification has not been available to individuals who practice ecological restoration. The Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) is launching a professional certification program in early 2017. The program requires professional experience, a knowledge base in five broad subject areas, understanding of the foundations of the profession, and adherence to a code of ethics. The SER certification program will certify both practitioners (Certified Ecological Restoration Practitioners [CERPs]) and practitioners‐in‐training (Certified Ecological Restoration Practitioners‐in‐training [CERPITs]).