NO对小麦叶片干旱诱导膜脂过氧化的调节效应

分析了一氧化氮(NO)对小麦(Triticum aestivum L．)叶片干旱诱导膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明：不同浓度NO均能使干旱胁迫下小麦叶片的相对含水量先降后升,而：MDA含量先升后降,O2-释放速率下降,SOD活性升高,POD活性降低;同时,NO可以提高脯氨酸含量。这些结果表明NO提高了小麦叶片的抗氧化能力,降低了干旱胁迫诱导的膜脂过氧化损伤。     

盐胁迫下大麦和小麦叶片脂质过氧化伤害与超微结构变化的关系

研究了耐盐的大麦和不耐盐的小麦幼苗在 NaCl 胁迫下叶片脂质过氧化作用、膜系统伤害、叶肉细胞超微结构变化三者之间的关系。在盐胁迫初期,叶肉细胞能维持较高的 SOD 活性,脂质过氧化作用较弱,膜系统基本完整;随着胁迫强度加大,SOD 活性下降,脂质过氧化作用加强,膜透性增加,细胞内的电解质和紫外吸收物质大量外渗,细胞器破坏,甚至整个叶肉细胞结构崩溃。试验结果表明盐胁迫下超微结构的变化反映了细胞内膜系统的紊乱和伤害,而膜系统的伤害可能是脂质过氧化作用增强的结果。     

Trinary Layered Double Hydroxides as High‐Performance Bifunctional Materials for Oxygen Electrocatalysis

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a family of high‐profile layer materials with tunable metal species and interlayer spacing, and herein the LDHs are first investigated as bifunctional electrocatalysts. It is found that trinary LDH containing nickel, cobalt, and iron (NiCoFe‐LDH) shows a reasonable bifunctional performance, while exploiting a preoxidation treatment can significantly enhance both oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction activity. This phenomenon is attributed to the partial conversion of Co²⁺ to Co³⁺ state in the preoxidation step, which stimulates the charge transfer to the catalyst surface. The practical application of the optimized material is demonstrated with a small potential hysteresis (800 mV for a reversible current density of 20 mA cm^?2) as well as a high stability, exceeding the performances of noble metal catalysts (commercial Pt/C and Ir/C). The combination of the electrochemical metrics and the facile and cost‐effective synthesis endows the trinary LDH as a promising bifunctional catalyst for a variety of applications, such as next‐generation regenerative fuel cells or metal–air batteries.     

莲心碱对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂及脂质过氧化的影响

本文研究莲心碱对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂和抗氧化能力的影响.将32只大鼠随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础饲料;诱导组饲喂高脂饲料;试验组给予高脂饲料+莲心碱灌胃2.5和5.0 mg·kg-1.测血清中血脂和丙二醛(MDA)水平,以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;取肝脏测绝对和相对肝重及MDA含量.结果表明莲心碱可显著降低实验性高脂血症大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平和动脉粥样硬化指数;显著升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、GSH-Px和SOD水平;同时还可显著降低血清和肝脏中MDA的含量;其绝对和相对肝重均低于诱导组.     

Correlation Between Lipid Preoxidation Damage and Ultrastructural Changes of Mesophyll Cells in Barley and Wheat Seedlings During Salt Stress

The correlation among lipid preoxidation, destruction of membrane system and ultrastruc- tural changes of mesophyll cells during salt stress was studied with the NaCl-resistant barley (Jian No. 4) and NaCl-sensitive wheat (Ning Mai No. 4) seedlings. During initial period of salt stress, mesophyll cells was able to maintain higher SOD activity, less lipid preoxidation and approximately integral membrane system; with the increasing intensity of salt stress, SOD activity lowered, MDA content increased obviously, electrolytes and UV-absorbed substances in cells leaked, cell organelles were destroyed severely, and even whole cell structure was ruined. The barley was able to maintain more intact cell structure and less damage of membrane system than the wheat did. These results indicated that changes of ultrastructure of mesophyll cells were consistent with disorder and damage of their membrane systems, and the damage of membrane system might be as a result of the increase of membrane lipid preoxidation.