中国梨品种S基因型鉴定的初步研究

采用PCR技术和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对6个中国梨品种的s基因型进行了鉴定研究,并与已知S基因型的日本梨品种进行了比较。研究结果表明,供试的6个中国梨品种S基因型均不相同,‘西子绿’、‘金花’和‘金水酥’各包含了S1～S7以外的新的S基因,为这些品种田间授粉品种的选配提供了参考。     

Xenia and metaxenia in grapes: differences in berry and seed characteristics of maternal grape cv. ‘Narince’ (Vitis vinifera L.) as influenced by different pollen sources

Literature investigations indicate that the grapes have quite complex fertilisation biology. This complexity necessitates extensive investigations to obtain reliable knowledge for both well‐organised hybridisation studies and maximising grape yield. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the influences of self‐, free‐ and cross‐pollination on berry and seed characteristics in grape. Five different pollination treatments were applied to ‘Narince’, the most widely known and popular white wine grape in Turkey. Pollen tests indicated that all the cultivars had satisfactory in vitro pollen viability percentages. Free‐pollination produced a significantly higher percentage berry set. Among the pollinizers, the use of pollen of ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Cardinal’ varieties resulted in higher berry set percentage in ‘Narince’. The free‐pollination was also superior in giving the highest weight, length and width of the berry, as well as number of seeds per berry. These findings revealed that there were strong xenial and metaxenial effects in the studied grape cultivars. Among the pollinizer cultivars, the most effective pollinator was ‘Thompson Seedless’. Hence, for better berry set and quality, the use of ‘Thompson Seedless’ as a pollinizer may be an attractive option in both grape production and breeding studies.