Influences of Cross Pollination on Pollen Tube Growth and Fruit Set in Zuili Plums （Prunus salicina）

Zuili plum （Prunus salicina L.） trees usually set fruit poorly, although they produce high quality fruit. To elucidate the causes of the poor fruit set, pollen tube growth into pistils and fruit set percentage were investigated after cross-, self- and open-pollination. Ovule development in Zuili pistils was also investigated. Pollen tube penetration into the ovules via the obturator and micropyle was best when Zuili pistils were pollinated by cv. Black Amber （P. domestica） pollen grains, although cross-pollinations with Hongxinli and Miili （P. salicina） pollen were more effective than self- and open-pollination. The fruit set percentage was also highest in pistils pollinated with Black Amber pollen grains. Morphological observation of Zuili pistils revealed that the trees produce ＂double pistils＂, developing two ovaries from a basal pistil, at a rate as high as 28%. In such abnormal pistils, most ovules were lacking an embryo sac or were entirely degenerated. The percentage of normally developed ovules was 24.3% and 8.9% in normal and double pistils, respectively. From these results, we conclude that the main causes of poor fruit set of Zuili plums are a lack of effective cross-pollination and the production of high percentages of double pistils in which normally developed ovules are scarcely formed.     

五种不同类型甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系花蕾及雌雄蕊干物质变化动态的比较研究

以5种不同类型甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系为材料,以保持系作对照,对甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系的花蕾及雌雄蕊干物质变化动态进行了研究。结果表明,干物质重量雄性不育系花蕾和雄蕊显著小于保持系,而雌蕊则明显大于保持系。大多数不育系雌雄蕊的发育曲线存在拐点,它们出现拐点的时期相同,但方向完全相反。暗示可能雄蕊败育后降解的生物大分子物质被部分运到了雌蕊,才引起了雌蕊干物重的异常增加。     

青秆竹花的解剖观察与分析

为明确自然状态下青秆竹(Bambusa tuldoides)不同发育阶段花器官的形态以及雌雄配子体的发育状态,总结其败育类型,该文通过采用解剖和切片等方法对青秆竹花器官的各部分外观形态以及雌雄配子体的发育过程进行观察,并分析其结实率低下的原因。结果表明:(1)青秆竹小穗为无限花序,下部的小花先发育,但基部具有潜伏芽,因此又具有有限花序的特征;小穗柄不发达,簇生花枝节部。(2)每朵小花拥有内、外稃各1枚,花药6枚,浆片3枚,雌蕊1枚;浆片透明,边缘具有发达的纤毛;子房具棱,子房上部具绒毛,子房1室,侧膜胎座,倒生胚珠,三分枝羽状柱头。(3)青秆竹花药具有4个药室,花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层、绒毡层4层结构组成;绒毡层为腺质型,花药发育后期极度退化;小孢子母细胞分裂类型为连续型,产生两边对称型小孢子,花粉粒细胞成熟后为3核。(4)雄蕊和雌蕊出现多种败育类型,可能是导致结实率低的主要原因。综上结果表明,青秆竹花器官的形态结构发育正常,而雌雄配子体发育过程中出现异常,造成了其结实率低。     

沙田柚雌雄蕊发育及其相关性研究

沙田柚为例生胚珠,双珠被,厚珠心,具多个孢原细胞,其中之一发育形成大孢子母细胞,四个大孢子呈直线形排列,功能大孢子居合点端,胚囊发育为蓼型,珠孔端有珠心冠。 花药为四分孢子囊,小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中,胞质分裂为同时型,四分小孢子四面体型,成熟花粉粒为二细胞型。 同一朵花中,雌雄蕊发育的相关性是:当大孢子母细胞形成时,小孢子进入单核期。当雌蕊发育进入大孢子时期,双核花粉粒形成。大孢子和双核花粉粒都在开花前10天左右形成,雌雄蕊同时成熟。