Chewing lice from high‐altitude and migrating birds in Yunnan,China, with descriptions of two new species of Guimaraesiella

In total, 366 birds representing 55 species in 24 families and eight orders, were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) in two high‐altitude localities in Yunnan Province, China. In Ailaoshan, almost all of the birds examined were resident passeriforms, of which 36% were parasitized by chewing lice. In Jinshanyakou, most birds were on migration, and included both passerine and non‐passerine birds. Of the passerine birds caught in Jinshanyakou, only one bird (0.7%) was parasitized by chewing lice. The prevalence of Myrsidea and Brueelia‐complex lice on birds caught in Ailaoshan was higher than in previous reports. Of the chewing lice identifiable to species level, three represent new records for China: Actornithophilus hoplopteri (Mjöberg, 1910), Maculinirmus ljosalfar Gustafsson & Bush, 2017 and Quadraceps sinensis Timmermann, 1954. In total, 17 new host records are included, of which we describe two as new species in the Brueelia‐complex: Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella) ailaoshanensis sp. nov. ex Schoeniparus dubius dubius (Hume, 1874) and G. (C.) montisodalis sp. nov. ex Fulvetta manipurensis tonkinensis Delacour & Jabouille, 1930. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9FC3D8EE‐2CED‐4DBE‐A1DB‐471B71260D27 .     

Gene survival in the Asian wild horse (Equus przewalskii): I. Dependence of gene survival in the calgary breeding group pedigree

The joint probability distribution of the number of distinct (not identical by descent) genes from each founder of the Equus przewalskii population that survive in the five horses of the Calgary Zoological Gardens breeding group has been calculated. The dependence structure of this distribution is investigated, and informative marginal distributions are given, among them the distributions of the genetic contributions of each founder to the Calgary horses and the distribution of wild-type genes in these horses. The dependence pattern is found to be complex; there is no substitute for exact calculation of the full joint probability distribution of numbers of surviving genes. Probabilities of gene survival give a more complete summary of the genetic structure of a set of individuals than is provided by more routine measures such as heterozygosity or founder contributions. The feasibility of computing these probabilities for small groups of current individuals descended from few founders via long and complex pedigrees, provides a new approach to assessing such groups, and could be used also in selecting animals to form the founder stock of propagules for future reintroduction programs.     

Ragweed presence in Trieste: clinical and aerobiological data

Summary Studies on ragweed have been carried out in the province of Trieste (Northern Italy) in which it is becoming widespread. The floristic records, the increasing amount of airborne pollen monitored and the relevant skin reactivity are reported. This phenomenon, though still at the beginning, is actually showing an upward trend due to man's intervention over wider and wider areas which as a consequence become suitable for the settlement of these anthropophitic species. The aerobiological data are compared to the skin reactivities of allergic subjects.     

Analysis of founder representation in pedigrees: Founder equivalents and founder genome equivalents

The concepts of “founder equivalent” and “founder genome equivalent” are introduced to facilitate analysis of the founding stocks of captive or other populations for which pedigrees are available. The founder equivalents of a population are the number of equally contributing founders that would be expected to produce the same genetic diversity as in the population under study. Unequal genetic contributions by founders decrease the founder equivalents, portend greater inbreeding in future generations than would be necessary, and reflect a greater loss of the genetic diversity initially present in the founders. The number of founder genome equivalents of a population is that number of equally contributing founders with no random loss of founder alleles in descendants that would be expected to produce the same genetic diversity as in the population under study. The number of founder genome equivalents is approximately that number of wild-caught animals that would be needed to obtain the same amount of genetic diversity as is in the descendant captive population. Founder equivalents and founder genome equivalents allow comparison of the genetic merits of adding new wild-caught stock vs. further equalizing founder representations in a captive population.     

内蒙古草蛉研究Ⅱ.五新种及二新记录种(脉翅目:草蛉科)

内蒙古地处我国北部边疆,全境以高原为主,西部为戈壁沙漠,东部为宽阔草原,绝大多数地区属于温带大陆性气候;动物地理区划属于古北区中亚细亚区的内蒙河西干草原区。该区现已知草蛉3属16种(包括本文所记述的5新种和2新记录种),其分布特点是以狭义的草蛉属Chrysopa为主,而且以广布于华北地区的叶色草蛉Chrysopaphyllochroma Wesmeal为代表种,新种的模式标本分别保存在中国科学院动物研究所及北京农业大学昆虫标本室。     

中国春孢锈菌属增补

本文对我国春孢锈菌属(形式属)增补了以下9个种：1．腺梗菜春孢锈菌Aecidium adenocauli Syd． 寄主：腺梗菜Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew (菊科Compositae) 2．臭椿春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium ailanthi J．Y．Zhuang sp．nov．寄主：臭椿 Ailanthus altissima Swingle (苦木科Simaroubaceae)3.筋骨草春孢锈菌 Aecidium alugae Syd．寄主：紫背金盘 Ajuga nioponensis Makino (唇形科 Labiatae) 4．八角枫春孢锈菌 Aecidium alangii Hirats．＆ Yosh 寄主：长毛八角枫 Alangium kurzii Craib,瓜木A platanifoHum Harms (八角枫科 Alangiaeeae) 5．紫珠生春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium callicarpivola J Y．Zhuang sp．nov.寄主：杜虹花 Callicarpa oedunculata R,Br．(马鞭草科Verbenaeeae) 6．吴茱萸春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium evodiae J．Y．Zhuang sp．nov． 寄主：吴茱萸 Evodia rutaecarva (Juss．)Benth．(芸香科Rutaceae) 7．杨叶木姜子春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium litseae-populifoliae J．Y．Zhuang sp．Nov．寄主：杨叶木姜子 Litsea povulifolia Gamble (樟科Lauraceae) 8．青海春孢锈菌(新种) Aecidium qinghaiense J Y．Zhuang sp．nov． 寄主：莴苣属一种Lactuca sp．(菊科Compo sitae) 9．合掌消春孢锈菌 Aecidium vincetoxici P．Henn．＆ Shirai 寄主：牛皮消 Cynanchum auriculatum Royle (萝藦科 Asclepiadaceae)     

华南大戟科植物的增补

作者清理采自中国南部大戟科标本过程,发现一些需增补的分类群,现报道其中２个新种：分布于广东封开县的印禅铁苋菜Ａｃａｌｙｐｈａｗｕｉ和印禅三宝木Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｓｔｅｍｏｎｗｕｉ;２个新纪录种：分布于云南勐海县的短序白桐树Ｃｌａｏｘｙｌｏｎｓｕｂｓｅｓｓｉｌｉｆｌｏｒｕｍ和生长于海南南沙群岛的南沙大戟Ｅｕｐｈｏｒｂｉａｒｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ;１个近代生长于广东、贵州和四川的归化种－桃叶猩猩草Ｅｕｐｈｏｒｂｉａｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ,而将依据四川渡口的标本命名的柳叶大戟Ｅ．ｅｐｉｌｉｂｉｉｆｏｌｉａ作为它的新异名．     

云南小孢发属地衣的分类

报道了云南小孢发属地衣１３种,其中中国新记录种６个,它们是：喜马拉雅小孢发,尼泊尔小孢发,光滑小孢发,光亮小孢发,多叉小孢发,波氏小孢发,另外７种的形态及分布也在文中进行了讨论。     

Four fish species new to the Omo-Turkana basin,with comments on the distribution ofNemacheilus abyssinicus (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae) in Ethiopia

Four fish species,Pollimyrus isidori (Mormyridae),Barbus paludinosus, Labeo forskalii (Cyprinidae), andNemacheilus abyssinicus (Balitoridae), new to the Omo-Turkana basin, were recorded from the Gojeb River, a tributary of the Omo River (south-western Ethiopia). Occurrence of the latter species in the upper reaches of the Blue Nile and of the Omo drainage substantiates the belonging of the upper parts of these water systems to the Abyssinian highlands ichthyofaunal province.     

重庆维管植物1个新记录属和5个新记录种

通过野外调查、资料查阅及馆藏标本比对,确定了重庆维管植物1个新记录属——水东哥属（Saurauia Willd.）及其新记录种——水东哥（Saurauia tristyla DC.）,另4个维管植物新记录种分别是二褶羊耳蒜（Liparis cathcartii Hook. f.）、莸状黄芩（Scutellaria caryopteroides Hand.-Mazz.）、白鳞酢浆草（Oxalis leucolepis Diels）、包氏凤仙花（Impatiens bodinieri Hook. f.）。文中描述了物种识别特征、标本引证和地理分布,提供了原生境照片。引证标本均收藏于西南大学自然博物馆植物标本室（SWNTU）。