Distribution and population variation of total number of palmar triradii among 20 Dhangar castes of Maharashtra,India

The paper deals with the bilateral palmar prints of 3000 males belonging to 20 Dhangar castes of Maharashtra which were analysed (1) to compare the pattern of variation of palmar triradii with respect to other traits, (2) to examine the degree of similarity between clusters based on dermatoglyphics anthropometry and genetic markers and (3) relating these similarities with their ethnographic and geographic proximities. The results of this study confirm the general presumptions, (a) that dermal traits, in general, and palmar characters, in particular, do help in understanding the biologic/ethnic affinities among different groups both at macro and micro levels and (b) the different types of traits, which are likely to be influenced by different genetic and/or environmental factors give rise to different clustering patterns.     

Palmar pattern frequencies as indicators of relationships among Sardinian linguistic groups of males

Palmar pattern frequencies were used to calculate distance coefficients between Sardinian linguistic groups of males for the purpose of verifying, by means of correlation matrix analyses, whether or not the dermatoglyphic traits considered lead to a reliable identification of the biological relationships on the basis of the linguistic backgrounds of these groups. With Sanghvi's as the distance measure and by using palmar pattern frequencies in the Hy area, Th/I, II, III, and IV interdigital areas and all traits together for palms combined or separated were calculated dermatoglyphic distance measures. Mantel tests of matrix correspondence showed that, by using palmar pattern frequencies in the Th/I interdigital area (palms combined), in the II, III, and IV interdigital areas, or all traits together for palms combined and separated, statistical significance between dermatoglyphic and linguistic distances can be obtained, even when the effect of geography is removed; there is no statistically significant correspondence between geographic and dermatoglyphic distance matrices, even when the effect of language is removed. The results obtained in this study by means of the Mantel test procedure demonstrate that the dermatoglyphic traits analyzed, with the exception of palmar pattern frequencies in the Hy area and in the Th/I interdigital area for plams separated when these areas are used singly, can be considered as a good set of variables to use in finding biological relationships between Sardinian linguistic groups of males examined on the basis of their linguistic backgrounds.     

Types and combinations of axial triradii among the 20 Dhangar castes of Maharashtra,India

Bilateral palmar prints of 3000 males belonging to 20 endogamous Dhangar castes of Maharashtra, India, have been analysed for types and combinations of axial triradii after Cummins and Midlo (1943). Altogether 17 types of axial triradii were found among the Dhangars, but only typest, t′, tt″ occur in appreciable frequencies. The magnitude of intercaste differentiation in respect to axial triradii is considerably low; only 13 caste-pairs (6.84%) out of 190 pairs showed significant difference at the 5% level. Compared to several other palmar elements, like palmar true patterns, main line terminations, palmar flexion creases, the axial triradius has a considerably low level of differentiation among these nomadic, seminomadic and settled Dhangar castes. This suggests that the axial triradii are perhaps more stable compared to many other palmar elements. These results need to be confirmed by data from other populations.     

A family study of dermatoglyphic traits in India: segregation analysis of accessory palmar triradii and the atd angle

Accessory triradii and the atd angle were examined via complex segregation analysis in order to evaluate possible genetic effects on these dermatoglyphic traits, measured in an endogamous Brahmin caste of peninsular India. The phenotypes considered included: presence of accessory palmar triradii a' and d', associated with the interdigital areas II and IV, respectively; presence of an accessory axial triradius tt' associated with the proximal margin of the palm; and an arctanh-transformation of the atd angle measurement. For all accessory triradii considered in the present investigation familial resemblance was evident. The most parsimonious model which could account for the observed resemblance was a multifactorial model that includes polygenic effects as well as transmissible environmental effects that are inherited in the same pattern as polygenes. Evidence of familial resemblance was also found for the arctanh-transformed atd angle, which could be attributed, initially, to both a major effect and a multifactorial component. Tests of transmission of a putative major gene were performed which yielded results consistent with Mendelian transmission, although an alternative test of no transmission of the major effect also fit the data. In light of these contrasting results we are precluded from accepting with confidence the notion of a major gene influence on the atd angle. We have concluded that the accessory triradii a', d', and tt', and the atd angle are influenced by multifactorial effects, including additive polygenes and possible environmental factors, such as intrauterine effects.     

内蒙古西部地区蒙古族、汉族4项人类群体遗传学特征的研究

从1998~2001年调查了内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市、锡林郭勒盟、巴彦淖尔盟的蒙古族、汉族6个群体的拇指类型、环食指长、指甲类型、足趾长等4项人类群体遗传学指标,共获有效资料2760例。研究表明：（1）6个群体的直型拇指出现率均在60％以上,且均无性别间明显差异;（2）6个群体环指长率均远高于食指长率,有4个群体存在性别间显著差异;（3）各群体均表现出长型指甲最多、方型次之、扁型最少;（4）6个群体均多为拇趾长型,且各群体均无性别间显著差异;（5）4项指标之间无明显相关关系。 Abstract:From 1998 to 2001,a sample of 2760 Mongol and Han individuals was investigated in 3 areas (Eerduosi city,Xilinguole and Bayannaoer leagues) from Inner Mongolia.Each individual was studied on 4 genetic characters (thumb type,palmar digital formular,fingernail type and plantar digital formular).The result is as follows:(1) The frequencies of the straight thumb were over 60%,and there were no significant sexual differences in all of 6 groups.(2) The frequencies of the ring-finger-longer were much higher in 6 groups,and there were significant sexual differences in 4 groups.(3) The frequencies of the long-shaped fingernail were the highest in all groups,the squat-shaped were the lowest.(4) The big toes were longer than the second toes in most people of 6 groups,but without significant sexual differences in each groups.(5) There were no significant correlations between 4 characters.     

Genetic mutations in Gorlin-Goltz syndrome

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is a rare multisystemic disease inherited in a dominant autosomal at a high level of penetrance and variable expressiveness. It is mainly characterized by basal cell carcinoma, odontogenic keratocyst and skeletal anomalies. Diagnosis is based upon established major and minor clinical and radiographic criteria and gene mutation analysis. This article presents a case of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, its genetic predisposition, diagnosis and management.     

太行山猕猴掌面花纹嵴数不对称性研究

为了解太行山猕猴掌面花纹嵴数的方向性不对称和波动性不对称的特征和性差,对26例(雌18例,雄8例)肤纹完整清晰的太行山猕猴的掌面花纹嵴数进行计数,用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行T-检验和相关分析.结果表明:在方向性小对称有关变量中存在性别差异,变量之间存在弱的负相关,波动性不对称量不存在性差,变量之间的相关系数有不同程度的性差.     

手掌分区与指掌侧总神经和指掌侧总动脉

目的：为研究手掌血管、神经损伤修复重建提供解剖学基础。方法：手掌借5条横平行线和4条纵平行线分为20区,解剖并观察指掌侧总神经和指掌侧总动脉在手掌的分布及其伴行关系。结果：第一、二指掌侧神经起始处位于7区外上象限,第三指掌侧总神经、小指尺掌侧神经起始处位于4区内下象限。第一、二、三指掌侧总动脉起始处位于7、8区近C线处。小指尺掌侧动脉起始处位于8区内下象限。第一、二指掌侧总神经在7区被掌浅弓骑跨,分弓上、下两段。弓上、下段,分别在13、14区D线处发出指掌侧固有神经。小指尺掌侧神经、第三指掌侧总神经起始处位于同名动脉的近侧,其行程在9、15、20区位于同名动脉的尺侧。第一、二指掌侧总动脉分别在18、19区距E线0．8-1．0cm处发出相应的指掌侧固有动脉。第一、二、三指掌侧总神经及其发出的指掌侧固有神经与同名的指掌侧总动脉的伴行关系有四型：H1、H2、O、V型。结论：指掌侧总神经与指掌侧总动脉在手掌的一定区域内有按规律分布的特点,有助于手掌损伤离断手术修复过程中指掌侧总神经与指掌侧总动脉的寻找和吻合,以及手掌神经阻滞麻醉的精确定位。     

Plantar zygodactylous triradii and corresponding patterns

Taking into consideration the methods of Cummins and Sicomo ('23), Cummins and Midlo ('43) and Penrose and Loesch ('69) a new classification scheme of plantar zygodactylous triradii has been introduced, differentiating three expression types, i.e., strong, medium and weak. On the basis of plantar prints of 500 ♂ Viennese the frequencies of these expression types were established. Furthermore their relations to the pattern types located proximally were studied. It resulted that certain pattern types are always and others never associated with a zygodactylous triradius. Therefore it is possible to predict the existence of a zygodactylous triradius non visible on the print if the corresponding pattern type is known.