A DNA vaccine co-expressing antigen and an anti-apoptotic molecule further enhances the antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell immune response

We have shown that DNA encoding the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL enhances E7-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and DNA encoding pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 suppresses E7-specific CD8+ T-cell responses when co-administered intradermally via gene gun with DNA encoding human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7 linked to the sorting signal of the lysosome-associated membrane protein type 1 (LAMP-1). E7 and LAMP-1 are linked to form the chimeric Sig/E7/LAMP-1 (SEL). Because co-administration does not ensure delivery of both constructs to a single cell, we used pVITRO, a mammalian expression vector with double promoters, to ensure expression of both molecules in the same cell. We vaccinated C57BL/6 mice with pVITRO-SEL-Bcl-xL, pVITRO-SEL-mtBcl-xL, pVITRO-SEL, or pVITRO-SEL-caspase-3 intradermally via gene gun and intramuscularly via injection. We demonstrated that vaccination with pVITRO achieved similar results to a co-administration strategy: that Bcl-xL enhanced the E7-specific CTL response and caspase-3 suppressed the E7-specific CTL response. In addition, we found intradermal vaccination elicited significantly higher numbers of E7-specific CD8+ T cells compared to intramuscular vaccination. Thus, intradermal vaccination with a pVITRO vector combining an anti-apoptotic strategy (Bcl-xL) and an intracellular targeting strategy (SEL) further enhances the E7-specific CD8+ T-cell response and guarantees co-expression of both encoded molecules in transfected cells.T.W.K. and C.-F.H. contributed equally to this work.