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1.
《Free radical research》2013,47(1-3):3-10
The role of free radicals and active states of oxygen in human cancer is as yet unresolved. Various lines of evidence provide strong but inferential evidence that free radical reactions can be of crucial importance in certain carcinogenic mechanisms. A central point in considering free radical reactions in carcinogenesis is that human cancer is really a group of highly diverse diseases for which the initial causation and the progression to clinical disease occur through a wide variety of mechanisms. Furthermore, for many human cancers it appears that there are alternate pathways capable of tumor initiation and tumor progression. While for certain of these pathways free radical reactions appear necessary, it is unlikely that there are human cancers for which free radicals, or any other mechanism, are sufficient for the entire processbeginning with the genetic alteration leading to a somatic mutation and eventually resulting in clinically overt disease. It is crucial that we view free radical reactions as aong a panoply of mechanisms leading to human cancer, and consider research about the role of free radicals in cancer as opportunities to prevent the initiation or progression of human cancer. 相似文献
2.
Alba Minelli Carmela Conte Silvia Grottelli Ilaria Bellezza Carla Emiliani† Juan P. Bolaños‡ 《Journal of neurochemistry》2009,111(4):956-966
Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium), a widely used non-selective herbicide, is a redox cycling agent with adverse effects on dopamine systems. Epidemiological data have shown that exposure to paraquat is one of the several risk factors for Parkinson's disease. We have already shown that cyclo(His-Pro), an endogenous cyclic dipeptide produced by the cleavage of the thyrotropin releasing hormone, has a cytoprotective effect through a mechanism involving Nrf2 activation that decreases production of reactive oxygen species and increases glutathione synthesis. Using primary neuronal cultures and PC12 cells as targets of paraquat neurotoxicity, we addressed whether and how cyclo(His-Pro) causes cellular protective response against paraquat-mediated cell death. We found that cyclo(His-Pro) attenuated reactive oxygen species production, and prevented glutathione depletion by up-regulating Nrf2 gene expression, triggering its nuclear accumulation and activating the expression of heme oxygenase1. These protective effects were abolished by RNA interference-mediated Nrf2 knock down whereas were unaffected by RNA interference-mediated Keap1 knock down. Inhibition of heme oxygenase activity decreased cyclo(His-Pro)-induced neuroprotection. These results suggest that cyclo(His-Pro), acting as a selective activator of the brain modulable Nrf2 pathway, may be a promising candidate as neuroprotective agent that act through induction of phase II genes. 相似文献
3.
Christopher A. Fraker Camillo Ricordi Luca Inverardi Juan Domínguez‐Bendala 《Biology of the cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization》2009,101(8):431-440
Beyond its role as an electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, oxygen is also a key effector of many developmental events. The oxygen‐sensing machinery and the very fabric of cell identity and function have been shown to be deeply intertwined. Here we take a first look at how oxygen might lie at the crossroads of at least two of the major molecular pathways that shape pancreatic development. Based on recent evidence and a thorough review of the literature, we present a theoretical model whereby evolving oxygen tensions might choreograph to a large extent the sequence of molecular events resulting in the development of the organ. In particular, we propose that lower oxygenation prior to the expansion of the vasculature may favour HIF (hypoxia inducible factor)‐mediated activation of Notch and repression of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling, limiting endocrine cell differentiation. With the development of vasculature and improved oxygen delivery to the developing organ, HIF‐mediated support for Notch signalling may decline while the β‐catenin‐directed Wnt signalling is favoured, which would support endocrine cell differentiation and perhaps exocrine cell proliferation/differentiation. 相似文献
4.
E. É. Kolesnikova 《Neurophysiology》2008,40(1):48-52
Results of a comparative study of the sensitivity of the system of respiratory control to increases in the CO2 concentration and the intensity of free-radical processes in young and elderly subjects are described. It is shown that normal
(natural) aging is accompanied by a decrease in the sensitivity of the respiratory system to hypercapnic stimulation and a
parallel significant decrease in the activity of catalase in the blood of examined subjects. Mechanisms responsible for the
modifications of the sensitivity of the system of respiratory control to hypercapnia are discussed; these shifts can be at
least partly related to changes in the intensity of production of free radicals observed in elderly subjects.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 53–57, January–February, 2008. 相似文献
5.
Donald S. McLusky 《Aquatic Ecology》1993,27(2-4):489-493
The Proceedings of the ECSA 21 symposium on Marine and Estuarine Gradients are reviewed. It is emphasised that this is probably
the first time that a full set of papers on the tidal freshwater sections of estuaries has appeared. There is however some
ambiguity in the terminology applied to such waters, and a more consistent terminology is proposed. In particular the estuary
is defined as reaching upstream as far as the tidal limit, irrespective of salinity.
A wide variety of gradients within estuaries and coastal waters are considered, but it is apparent that the crucial spatial
gradients are based on salinity, oxygen and turbidity, and that many other gradients are co-variables with these parameters.
Temperature is also important for temporal gradients. 相似文献
6.
Piotr Politański Elźbieta Rajkowska Marcin Brodecki Andrzej Bednarek Marek Zmyślony 《Bioelectromagnetics》2013,34(4):333-336
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of static magnetic fields (SMF) on reactive oxygen species induced by X‐ray radiation. The experiments were performed on lymphocytes from male albino Wistar rats. After exposure to 3 Gy X‐ray radiation (with a dose rate of 560 mGy/min) the measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species in lymphocytes, using a fluorescent probe, was done before exposure to the SMF, and after 15 min, 1 and 2 h of exposure to the SMF or a corresponding incubation time. For SMF exposure, 0 mT (50 µT magnetic field induction opposite to the geomagnetic field) and 5 mT fields were chosen. The trend of SMF effects for 0 mT was always opposite that of 5 mT. The first one decreased the rate of fluorescence change, while the latter one increased it. Bioelectromagnetics 34:333–336, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
7.
J. K. Bush 《Plant Ecology》2006,183(2):215-225
This study evaluated the relationships among soil moisture, soil salinity, and soil oxygen on the growth of Helianthus paradoxus (Asteraceae), a threatened inland salt marsh species of western North America. The study was conducted in large growth boxes
(1×2×0.3 m) tilted at an angle to achieve a saturated to dry water gradient similar to that found in the marsh. This experimental
design allowed the evaluation of major abiotic factors (soil moisture and soil salinity) which have been shown to be potentially
important for this species, while removing major biotic factors, such as competition from other community dominants. Maximum
aboveground biomass occurred in the middle rows of the boxes, where surface soil water was reduced and subsurface soil water
was intermediate in the gradient. Regression analyses indicated that H. paradoxus would grow best where surface soil water is approximately 5%, subsurface soil water ranges from 20 to 30%, and where surface
soil salinity is less than 0.5 g kg−1. Edaphic variables, particularly soil moisture and soil salinity, affect the growth of H. paradoxus. Data presented here suggest that the survival of this species depends on maintenance of the hydrologic regime. 相似文献
8.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(12):2762-2765
Comparative two-dimensional electrophoresis showed six proteins, which were significantly produced in the root of salt-tolerant barley. These proteins were identified as stress/defense-related proteins that do not scavenge reactive oxygen species directly, suggesting that salt-tolerant barley develops not only an antioxidative system, but also physical and biochemical changes to cope with salt stress. 相似文献
9.
10.
《Free radical research》2013,47(2):82-88
AbstractEndothelial dysfunction characterized by decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is the first stage of coronary artery disease. It is known that one of the factors associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease is a high plasma level of uric acid. However, causative associations between hyperuricaemia and cardiovascular risk have not been definitely proved. In this work, we tested the effect of uric acid on endothelial NO bioavailability. Electrochemical measurement of NO production in acetylcholine-stimulated human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) revealed that uric acid markedly decreases NO release. This finding was confirmed by organ bath experiments on mouse aortic segments. Uric acid dose-dependently reduced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. To reveal the mechanism of decreasing NO bioavailability we tested the effect of uric acid on reactive oxygen species production by HUVECs, on arginase activity, and on acetylcholine-induced endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation. It was found that uric acid increases arginase activity and reduces endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation. Interestingly, uric acid significantly increased intracellular superoxide formation. In conclusion, uric acid decreases NO bioavailability by means of multiple mechanisms. This finding supports the idea of a causal association between hyperuricaemia and cardiovascular risk. 相似文献