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This article provides a historical and comparative analysis of post‐imperial migrations of ethnic unmixing. It examines the post‐Soviet migration of ethnic Russians to Russia in the light of the migrations of other once‐dominant ‘new minorities’ engendered by transitions from multinational empire to incipient nation‐states: Balkan Muslims during and after the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, Hungarians after the collapse of the Habsburg Empire, and Germans after the collapse of the Habsburg Empire and the German Kaiserreich. 相似文献
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Nasar Meer 《Ethnic and racial studies》2013,36(9):1477-1496
At a time when all the political parties of Scotland are trying to establish a persuasive vision of the nation, inquiry into where ethnic and racial minorities fit into these debates provides one understudied means of bridging literatures on multinationalism and multiculturalism. Focusing especially on the lesser known question of how elite political actors are positioning minorities within projects of nation-building, this article draws upon original empirical data in which three predominant clusters emerge. The first centres on an aspirational pluralism, in so far as political elites are less inclined – in contrast to counterparts in some other minority nations – to place ethnically determined barriers on membership of Scottish nationhood. The second concerns the competing ways in which the legacy of Scotland's place in the British Empire is appropriated by actors of different political hues, and so assumes a multiform role. The third cluster points to potential limitations in minority claims-making and recognition, especially in terms of formal multilingualism and corporate multifaithism, something that may partly be explained by the tension between multinationalism and multiculturalism. Taken together, the article illustrates how elite political actors can play a vital role in ensuring that appeals to nationhood in Scotland can be meaningfully calibrated to include minorities too. 相似文献
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Pablo Alonso-González 《Ethnic and racial studies》2016,39(4):614-633
Nationalism and its counterpart, modernism, are projects that involve the attempt to homogenize and incorporate the masses through the creation of a majority identity that usually leads to the classification of certain deviant groups as ‘others’. In Spain, civic and ethnic nationalisms driven by the state have historically drawn on cultural and biological notions of ethnicity and race to construct a representation of the Maragatos as ‘cursed peoples’, while at the same time homogenizing and incorporating them into the nation in practice. By tracing a genealogy of the origins and evolution of the representations of Maragato otherness created during the Enlightenment era, the Franco dictatorship and the current super-modern period, this paper argues that representations of otherness significantly influence current research agendas and understandings of identity well beyond the disappearance of the actual subjects described as others. 相似文献
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T. M. Zhao 《International Journal of Anthropology》1990,5(3):251-254
Data from population and family studies show that the human immunoglobulin Gm allotypes prove to be unique genetic markers
in studies of human genetics, particularly in the characterization of different race or population determined by the differences
in Gm hapolotype composition and its frequency.
In this paper, a total of 5,641 individuals from 40 populations were typed for Gma, f, x, b, and g factors. The genetic distances
between 13 minorities (Zhuang, Uygur, Dong, Hui, Korean, Kazak, Bai, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Oroqen) and 27 Han populations
were computed by Nei's method on the basis of Gm haplotype frequencies and a phylogenetic tree was constructed.
The conclusions were (1) The common Gm haplotype are afb, axg, a, and ag. The Gmfb haplotype is observed only in Uygur, Hui,
and Kazak. (2) There is a parallel relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance for these populations. (3)
The Gmafb haplotype frequency increases sharply from north to south, and there is a concomitant sharp decrease in ag and axg
frequencies. (4) A hypothesis was proposed by the author that the origin of the Chinese nation might exist in both the Yellow
River and the Yangtze River region and the most likely boundary between the Southern and the Northern Chinese is near the
thirty degrees north latitude. 相似文献
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Masipula Sithole 《Ethnic and racial studies》2013,36(1):17-39
Four explanations of xenophobia and racism will be reviewed by confronting them with the results of empirical studies. I try to show that xenophobic and racist views of the social world are not instrumental to a fight for scarce jobs or housing. Neither is it appropriate to interpret them as a result of a culture clash that is caused by migratory movements across countries and continents. They are not mere radicalizations of the discourse of exclusion and devaluation which political and administrative elites generate and institutionalize, for example, in immigration policies. Starting from the insights of this critical review, I shall develop the hypothesis that xenophobia and racism should be seen as appeals to the pact of solidarity into which state and society have entered in modern nation‐states and which in times of intensified social conflicts seems fragile in the eyes of downwardly mobile groups. The xenophobic discourse serves not only to reassure identity when nationalistic self‐images run into crisis but is an element of a political struggle about who has the right to be cared for by the state and society: a fight for the collective goods of the modern state. 相似文献
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Nasar Meer 《Ethnic and racial studies》2014,37(10):1793-1801
This essay provides a critical reflection on the intellectual and political questions raised by The Empire Strikes Back. It argues that thirty years after the collection helped establish the politics of race at the centre of mainstream scholarly debate; these have now been pushed to the periphery of British sociology. The discussion begins by setting the book against its prevailing political economy, before commenting on the virtue and authenticity in its type of critical scholarship. The essay then moves to spotlight some of the ways in which the collection may be deemed both pioneering and limited, how we might recall the collection today. 相似文献
8.
侗族传统发酵肉的微生物特性 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
目的:对侗族传统发酵肉的微生物生态系的构成进行分析。方法:稀释平板法,结果:乳酸细菌在发酵30d达到最大值,4个处理的logCFU/g值均在8.2以上;280个MRS平板分离物中,米酒乳杆菌占37.91%,片球菌占20.71%。MSA平板培养物在发酵全过程中,均呈上升趋势;60d后,4个处理的logCFU/g值平均为5.5,增加了2.0;腐生葡萄球菌、肉葡萄球菌和木糖葡萄球菌是其优势菌群。酵母菌的数量在发酵过程中未见明显增加,发酵完毕,菌数的logCFU/g值在5.7左右,鉴定结果表明主要是德巴利酵母和球拟酵母。革兰阴性的肠细菌群发酵50d后,其logCFU/g值在2.0以下,结论:对发酵肉品微生态系的不断了解和肉品发酵技术不断完善,将为人们提供新颖、营养、安全的食品。 相似文献
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TOM BOELLSTORFF 《American anthropologist》2005,107(4):575-585
Thousands of Indonesian men now identify as both "gay" and "Muslim." How do these men understand the relationship between religion and sexuality? How do these understandings reflect the fact that they live in the nation that is home to more Muslims than any other? In this article, I address questions such as these through an ethnographic study of gay Muslims. I argue that dominant social norms render being gay and being Muslim "ungrammatical" with each other in the public sphere that is crucial to Muslim life in Indonesia. Through examining doctrine, interpretation, and community, I explore how gay Muslim subjectivity takes form in this incommensurability between religion and desire. 相似文献