磁性纳米材料的生物医学应用进展

以四氧化三铁为代表的医用磁性纳米材料具有独特的磁学性能、表面易功能化、良好的生物学相容性等特点,在纳米医学相关领域展现出巨大的应用前景,特别是近年来它作为可介导外场的智能材料,在材料设计和生物医学应用方面均取得了突破性的进展.鉴于此,本文围绕磁性氧化铁纳米材料的生物医学应用,着重介绍近年来其在磁共振影像探针、磁热和磁力效应的生物医学应用、诊疗一体化以及纳米酶催化等领域的研究进展,并对磁性纳米材料在生物医学领域未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

综述与专论: 纳米酶的抗菌机理与应用

细菌耐药性和抗生素滥用是一个世界性难题,需要开发新型抗菌剂,既能够高效杀菌,又能避免耐药性问题并具有较好的生物和环境相容性．纳米酶具有调控ROS自由基的能力,可以高效杀死多种革兰氏阳性和阴性致病菌以及顽固性生物膜;同时纳米酶具有较好的稳定性、生物相容性、可回收再利用等优点,在促进伤口愈合、龋齿防治和环境防污方面具有重要的应用前景．     

Fungal Nanophase Particles Catalyze Iron Transformation for Oxidative Stress Removal and Iron Acquisition

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A colorimetric detection of dopamine in urine and serum based on the CeO2@ZIF-8/Cu-CDs laccase-like nanozyme activity

This study reports a sensitive and selective colorimetric approach for the analysis of dopamine (DA) based on CeO₂@ZIF-8/Cu-CDs laccase-like nanozymes activity. The CeO₂@ZIF-8/Cu-CDs was synthesized using cerium oxide (CeO₂) and copper-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) with 2-methylimidazole by a facilely hydrothermal approach. The CeO₂@ZIF-8/Cu-CDs exhibited excellent laccase-like nanozymes activity and can oxidize the colorless substrate (DA) to red product with 4-aminoantipyrine as the chromogenic agent. The Michaelis–Menten constant (K_m) and the maximal velocity (V_max) of CeO₂@ZIF-8/Cu-CDs are 0.20 mM and 1.48 μM/min, respectively. The detection method has a linear range of 0.05–7.5 μg/mL and a detection limit as low as 8.5 ng/mL with good reproducibility. The developed colorimetric sensor was applied to rapid and precise quantitative evaluation of DA levels in serum and urine samples. This study presents a new approach for detecting biological molecules by utilizing the controlled regulation of nanozymes' laccase-like activity.     

综述与专论: 纳米酶在分析化学中的应用研究：从体外检测到活体分析

纳米酶是指具有类酶催化活性的纳米材料．近年来,纳米酶研究引起了人们的极大兴趣．纳米酶已被广泛应用于诸如生物传感、生物成像、疾病治疗和环境保护等众多领域．在本综述中,我们将着重讨论纳米酶在分析化学领域的研究进展．首先将讨论纳米酶在体外检测的应用,将包括生物活性小分子、核酸、蛋白质类生物标志物、细胞等的检测．其后将讨论纳米酶在活体分析的应用,将包括监测活脑、肿瘤组织等的生物活性小分子、药物的药效、药物与纳米酶的代谢等．最后,我们将讨论纳米酶应用于分析化学时面临的挑战和未来研究前景．     

Colorimetric detection of gallic acid based on the enhanced oxidase‐like activity of floral‐like magnetic Fe3O4@MnO2

In this study, a colorimetric method was developed for rapid and sensitive determination of gallic acid (GA) by using floral‐like magnetic Fe₃O₄@MnO₂ composite material with enhanced oxidase‐like activity. Fe₃O₄@MnO₂ composite material is able to oxidize 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to a blue product (oxTMB) with apparent color change and absorbance at 652 nm. GA can reduce the oxTMB yielding a fading blue color. Based on these results, a technique is proposed to detect GA quantitatively and qualitatively with UV–vis spectroscopy and bare eyes. A low detection limit of 0.105 μM and a detection range of 0.01 to 15 μM were obtained with UV–vis spectroscopy. This methodology possesses high potential for application in determination of GA.     

综述与专论: 贵金属和碳纳米酶分子机制的理论研究

2007年四氧化三铁类过氧化物酶活性的发现催生了纳米酶这一新兴多学科交叉研究方向,多种基于金属、金属氧化物和碳纳米材料的纳米酶被发现,并在环境,食品安全,化工,生物医学等领域获得应用。相应的,纳米酶催化分子机制的理论研究也取得了进展。本文将回顾化学催化的基本原理,重点总结贵金属和碳纳米酶分子机制的理论研究进展。     

NLISA versus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: Nanozyme-linked immunosorbent array based on platinum sub-nanocluster nanozyme for α-fetoprotein detection

Rapid and accurate identification of tumor metabolic markers is important for early tumor diagnosis and individualized treatment. Here, a stable monodisperse sub-nanometer platinum (Pt) material was developed as a highly efficient nanozyme with a specific activity of peroxidase as high as 20.86 U mg⁻¹ through the growth of in situ domain-limited Pt quantum dots via the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone. Further, the synthesis of large quantities of Pt-loaded SiO₂ (Pt-SiO₂) was determined by silylation reaction and used for naked eye colorimetric testing of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). In particular, the immunization incubation process occurred in preprepared microplates. A nanozyme-based immunomodel was constructed in the presence of the target AFP, and a chromogenic reaction occurred with exogenous hydrogen peroxide and the chromogenic substrate tetramethylbenzidine. On optimization of experimental conditions, the dynamic working response range for AFP was found to be 0.05–20 ng mL⁻¹, with a limit of detection of 38.7 pg mL⁻¹. This work provides a new strategy to design efficient nanozyme-based enzyme-linked immunochromatographic platforms to meet the practical use of replacing natural enzymes.     

纳米酶在疾病治疗中的研究与应用

纳米酶是一种新型的具有类酶活性的纳米颗粒人工酶,在生物检测、抗炎、抗氧化损伤和癌症治疗等疾病诊断和治疗领域展现出良好的应用前景。本文总结了具有不同类酶活性的纳米酶在疾病诊治中的应用,并对影响纳米酶活性的主要影响因素进行了阐述,将使相关研究人员更好地了解纳米酶的发展现状,并提供后续研究的相关线索。     

基于纳米酶的比色生物传感器在生物医学检测中的应用

比色生物传感技术由于具有灵敏度高、方法简单并且容易操作等优点，已广泛应用于生物环境中污染物检测、生物体内重要标志物的检测以及癌症筛查等多个领域。基于纳米酶的比色生物传感器主要是借助纳米酶自身所具有的催化能力，模拟类过氧化物酶活性，将显色剂氧化生成有色溶液，从而实现可视化检测，并通过对有色溶液吸光度的检测得到相关物质的含量。与无纳米酶的比色生物传感器相比，基于纳米酶的比色生物传感器具有选择性更高、检测更快以及灵敏度更高等优点。纳米酶在具有天然酶活性的同时还具有成本低、稳定性好的、易于合成等优点，其相关研究越来越广泛。目前，基于纳米酶的比色生物传感器已成为辅助相关医学检测的重要方法，同时也广泛应用于便携和实时性相关检测当中，为医学检测提供了重要的支持和保障。为了提高比色生物传感器的灵敏度以及应用范围，研究人员也在致力于增加可检测物质的种类以及纳米酶种类的多样化等。本文主要介绍基于纳米酶的比色生物传感器的检测原理、几类典型的纳米酶，以及基于纳米酶的比色生物传感器在生物医学检测领域中的应用情况和研究进展。