黏菌化学成分的研究进展

文中回顾及总结了黏菌化学成分的研究进展。迄今为止已从4个目共27种黏菌中分离得到脂肪酸、氨基酸、生物碱、萘醌、芳香族化合物、萜类化合物、酯类化合物及它们的衍生物等近百种化学成分,其中某些成分表现出重要的生物活性。研究表明黏菌不仅已经逐渐成为天然产物的重要研究对象,而且有望成为获得天然活性物质的新资源,这对于黏菌的开发利用具有重要意义。     

吉林省不同地区基物黏菌湿室培养的初步研究

对采自吉林省不同地区的基物进行了黏菌的湿室培养,共获得5目7科17属42种黏菌,其中柄罐无丝菌（Licea operculata）、钉形钙皮菌（Didymium davus）和长轴绒泡菌（Physarum puniceum）为吉林省新记录种。     

The Life Cycle of Didymium laxifilum and Physarum album on Oat Agar Culture

The plasmodial slime molds is the largest group in the phylum Amoebozoa. Its life cycle includes the plasmodial trophic stage and the spore‐bearing fruiting bodies. However, only a few species have their complete life cycle known in details so far. This study is the first reporting the morphogenesis of Didymium laxifilum and Physarum album. Spores, from field‐collected sporangia, were incubated into hanging drop cultures for viewing germination and axenic oat agar plates for viewing plasmodial development and sporulation. The spores of D. laxifilum and P. album germinated by method of V‐shape split and minute pore, respectively. The amoeboflagellates, released from spores, were observed in water film. The phaneroplasmodia of two species developed into a number of sporangia by subhypothallic type on oat agar culture. The main interspecific difference of morphogenesis was also discussed.     

黏菌代谢产物及其生物活性的研究进展

黏菌代谢产物的研究显示出其较高的应用价值,并取得了较大的进展。本文综述了从黏菌中分离得到的100余个代谢产物,主要包括:脂肪酸、氨基酸、生物碱、萘醌、芳香族化合物、萜类化合物以及酯或其衍生品等。阐述了其抑菌、抗肿瘤、细胞毒及抗氧化活性,简要介绍了化合物的构效关系,同时对黏菌生物活性的研究方法及生物化学特征进行了总结,分析了不同黏菌类群代谢产物的异同。最后对黏菌代谢产物的研究提出了问题与展望。     

肌动蛋白是扁绒泡菌Physarum compressum原质团细胞核核骨架成分

本研究以2mol/L NaCl或3, 5-二碘水杨酸锂（Lis）抽提扁绒泡菌Physarum compressum原质团细胞核,对残余蛋白进行电泳及肌动蛋白免疫印迹分析。结果表明单独用Lis抽提细胞核不能有效去除组蛋白,用2mol/L NaCl则可有效去除组蛋白,免疫印迹实验表明核骨架中存在着可以有效对抗2mol/L NaCl的肌动蛋白。     

湿室培养获得秦岭地区黏菌种类

通过对陕西省秦岭地区采集的基物进行湿室培养,得到5目5科14属26种黏菌,包括16个陕西省新记录种,初步探讨了黏菌的种类与基物类型关系。     

甘肃省祁连山国家级自然保护区的黏菌物种多样性

黏菌是森林生态系统中不可或缺的生物资源, 在生态系统中发挥重要的作用。为了探讨黏菌在西北地区森林中的物种多样性及影响物种组成和多样性的因素, 本文对甘肃省祁连山国家级自然保护区进行为期2年的多点调查采样, 获得黏菌标本826份, 经形态学鉴定属于4目5科22属71种, 其中甘肃省新记录种30种。发现鹅绒菌(Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa)等9个物种是祁连山保护区广泛分布的物种, 针叶林中的黏菌总物种数(58种)和特有物种数(38种)均高于阔叶林(33种; 13种), 海拔高度对黏菌多样性无明显影响。主成分分析结果表明, 腐木型基质上的黏菌物种多样性最丰富, 木本基物与草本基物上的黏菌物种组成具有明显差异。研究结果表明, 甘肃省祁连山自然保护区的山地森林带的植被类型与基物类型是影响黏菌物种组成和多样性的重要因素。     

Community of dark-spored myxomycetes in ground litter and soil of taiga forest (Nizhne-Svirskiy Reserve,Russia) revealed by DNA metabarcoding

The diversity of dark-spored myxomycetes in forest ground litter and soil from four study plots across a fire chronosequence in Nizhne-Svirskiy Nature Reserve (northwest of Russia) was assessed by a DNA metabarcoding approach. The history of fire disturbances and the season of sampling influenced the composition of myxomycete assemblages. Several species showed substrate preferences different from what is known from fruiting body records. A high abundance of nivicolous species in the majority of the samples suggests that this ecological group constitutes a common element of soil microbial communities in lowland taiga forests. Four species are reported for the Leningrad region for the first time. Our results support the hypothesis that amoebae populations of myxomycetes may have much wider ecological niches than indicated by records of fructifications, and further environmental studies may provide valuable new insights on myxomycete ecology and distribution.     

湿室培养针叶树皮生黏菌的初步研究

为了探讨针叶树皮生黏菌的物种多样性,通过收集不同种类的针叶树皮作为基物进行湿室培养,共获得40种黏菌和一变种,其中粗网筛菌(Cribraria pachydictyon)和疣网发菌(Comatricha reticulospora)为中国新记录种。