宝天曼国家级自然保护区三种林型土壤的亮孢黏菌多样性

黏菌是土壤原生生物的重要组成部分,但其群落组成与多样性格局信息目前还不全面。本研究采用18S rRNA基因高通量测序的方法,研究了宝天曼自然保护区内落叶阔叶林、针叶林和针阔混交林土壤中的亮孢黏菌多样性,并通过多元统计方法分析了其群落结构与土壤环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,30份土壤样品中共获得26个亮孢黏菌的可操作分类单元（OTUs）,隶属团毛菌目Trichiales下的7个属。4个OTUs可注释到种,分别为球圆团网菌Arcyria globosa、蛇形半网菌Hemitrichia serpula、刺丝团毛菌Trichia scabra和高山团毛菌Trichia alpina。亮孢黏菌群落α多样性在不同林型间有显著差异,其中在针叶林最高,落叶阔叶林最低。不同林型土壤的亮孢黏菌群落结构也显著不同,冗余分析显示,不同林型间黏菌群落结构差异与土壤含水量、碳氮比、有效钾和有机碳显著相关,但总体土壤环境因子对群落结构差异的解释量有限,占比10.18%。本研究丰富了土壤黏菌多样性信息和生态分布理论。     

Species-specific cell mobility of bacteria-feeding myxamoebae in plasmodial slime molds

On decaying wood or litter in forests, plasmodial slime molds (myxomycetes) represent a large fraction of eukaryotic protists that feed on bacteria. In his seminal book Experimental Physiology of Plants (1865), Julius Sachs referred to the multinucleate plasmodium of myxomycetes, which were considered at that time as primitive plants (or fungi). Today it is well established that myxomycetes are members of the Amoebozoa (Protista). In this study we compare the mobility of myxamoebae of 3 European species, Lycogala epidendrum (order Liceales), Tubulifera arachnoidea, and Trichia decipiens (order Trichiales). Using agar plates, on which 3 separate bacterial species were cultivated as prey organisms (Methylobacterium mesophilicum, Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens), we document large differences in cell motility between the myxomycetes investigated. In addition, we show that the 3 species of myxamoebae can be distinguished based on their average cell size. These data shed light on the mode of co-occurrence via differential substrate utilization in these members of the Amoebozoa.     

大网柄菌Dictyostelium magnum生活史的研究

为了了解网柄菌生活史循环的整个过程,显微观察了大网柄菌Dictyostelium magnum在双凹载玻片及水琼脂培养基上的完整生长循环,记录了大网柄菌生活史中各阶段,即孢子、黏变形体、集群、假原质团、拔顶、孢堆果及再次释放孢子的显著特征,整个生活循环历时2－3d。