Influx of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and α-Aminoisobutyric Acid into Mouse Cerebrum Slices Incubated in a Pyruvate Medium with or without Added Glucose or Glucose Analogues Compared with Influx from a Glucose Medium

Concentrative influx of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) into incubated mouse cerebrum slices is decreased when pyruvate is substituted for glucose. Influx of GABA from pyruvate medium is not increased by presence of glucose, 2-deoxy-d -glucose (2-DOG), or 3-O-methyl-d -glucose (3-O-MeG). Influx of AIB is restored to the rate from glucose medium if 2-DOG is present initially, but is not restored if 2-DOG is added with AIB. Influx is not restored if 3-O-MeG is present initially, but is restored if 3-O-MeG is added with AIB. Influx is restored if glucose is present initially or is added with AIB.     

水稻无侧根突变体RM109的显微结构及其根毛形态观察

水稻原品种"大力"以NaN3诱变方法获得了稳定突变体RM109.显微结构观察表明,RM109种子根外表根毛稀少且短小,无侧根发生,而"大力"品种则有侧根发生,且密生根毛.根毛观察比较显示,距种子根根端1 cm处的RM109根毛数是"大力"品种的19%,差异极显著,根直径与"大力"品种差异不显著;距根端8 cm处的RM109根毛数和根直径分别是"大力"品种的45%和79%,二者差异极显著;距根端3 cm处,RM109最大根毛长是"大力"品种的33%,差异极显著;RM109种子根根端到根毛发生区的长度,与"大力"品种的差异不显著.     

Analysis of the inducible MEL1 gene of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and its secreted product, alpha-galactosidase (melibiase)

We have determined both the nucleotide sequence of the MEL1 gene of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and the N-terminal amino acid (aa) sequence of its extracellular gene product, alpha-galactosidase (melibiase) (alpha-Gal). The predicted translation product of MEL1 is a pre-alpha-Gal protein containing an 18 aa N-terminal signal sequence for secretion. The purified enzyme is a dimer consisting of two 50-kDal polypeptides, each of which is glycosylated with no more than eight side chains. The 5'-flank of the MEL1 gene contains a region (UASm) having certain areas of sequence homology to similar sites found upstream of the structural genes GAL1, GAL7 and GAL10, which are also regulated by the action of the products of genes GAL4 and GAL80. There are three TATA boxes between UASm and the initiation codon of pre-alpha-Gal, as well as a typical yeast cleavage/polyadenylation sequence in the 3'-flank of the gene.     

非磷酸化肌球蛋白在血小板衍生生长因子诱导的血管平滑肌细胞迁移中的作用

为了阐明非磷酸化肌球蛋白在平滑肌细胞迁移中的作用,研究探讨了非磷酸化肌球蛋白是否介导了血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)诱导豚鼠脑基底动脉平滑肌细胞(GbaSM-4)的迁移。研究结果显示,20ng/ml以下剂量的PDGF可诱导GbaSM-4细胞发生迁移,此时肌球蛋白轻链(MLC20)磷酸化水平无变化。该迁移作用可被肌球蛋白特异性抑制剂blebbistatin所拮抗。应用RNA干扰技术抑制肌球蛋白轻链激酶表达,经免疫印迹检测经果显示,MLC20的磷酸化水平发生了显著下降;但对PDGF诱导的迁移作用无影响;在RNA干扰后blebbistatin也可抑制其迁移作用。体外ATP酶活性测定结果显示,blebbistatin对从平滑肌中提取的非磷酸化肌球蛋白的ATP酶活性有明显的抑制作用,其主要作用位点位于肌球蛋白头的头部S1。上述结果提示,非磷酸化的肌球蛋白参与了PDGF诱导的平滑肌细胞迁移。     

Reactivity of the 93 sulphydryls of human haemoglobin A: influence of the C-terminal residues

The difference in reactivity of the 93β SH groups in the oxy- and in the deoxyform of human haemoglobin A is not observed in the corresponding derivatives of the haemoglobin enzymically deprived of the C-terminal residue histidine 146β. Removal of the next C-terminal residue, tyrosine 145β, causes only minor additional changes in the rate constants.     

Direction of Temperature Control in the Thermal Biofeedback Treatment of Vascular Headache

In order to test for the specific therapeutic effects of thermal biofeedback (TBF) for hand warming on vascular headache (HA), 70 patients with chronic vascular HA were randomly assigned to TBF for hand warming, TBF for hand cooling, TBF for stabilization of hand temperature, or biofeedback to suppress alpha in the EEG. Patients in each condition initially had high levels of expectation of therapeutic benefit and found the treatment rationales highly credible. Participants in each condition received 12 treatment sessions on a twice-per-week basis. Based on daily HA diary data gathered for 4 weeks prior to treatment and 4 weeks after treatment, HA Index was significantly (p=.003) reduced as was HA medication consumption. There were no differential reducations in HA Index or Medication Index among the four conditions. Global self-reports of improvement gathered at the end of the post-treatment monitoring period also did not differ among the four conditions. We were unable to demonstrate a specific effect of TBF for hand warming on vascular HA activity.     

Studies on the Pathophysiology and Genetic Basis of Migraine

Migraine is a neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system causing painful attacks of headache. A genetic vulnerability and exposure to environmental triggers can influence the migraine phenotype. Migraine interferes in many facets of people’s daily life including employment commitments and their ability to look after their families resulting in a reduced quality of life. Identification of the biological processes that underlie this relatively common affliction has been difficult because migraine does not have any clearly identifiable pathology or structural lesion detectable by current medical technology. Theories to explain the symptoms of migraine have focused on the physiological mechanisms involved in the various phases of headache and include the vascular and neurogenic theories. In relation to migraine pathophysiology the trigeminovascular system and cortical spreading depression have also been implicated with supporting evidence from imaging studies and animal models. The objective of current research is to better understand the pathways and mechanisms involved in causing pain and headache to be able to target interventions. The genetic component of migraine has been teased apart using linkage studies and both candidate gene and genome-wide association studies, in family and case-control cohorts. Genomic regions that increase individual risk to migraine have been identified in neurological, vascular and hormonal pathways. This review discusses knowledge of the pathophysiology and genetic basis of migraine with the latest scientific evidence from genetic studies.     

Channeling headache

Familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FMH-1) is a rare form of migraine with aura, which is characterized by transient hemiparesis, sensory loss and visual disturbances. This monogenic disease shares many common features with classic migraine, suggesting a similar molecular pathophysiology. Migraine is triggered by activation and sensitization of the trigeminovascular system, specifically the trigeminal nociceptive afferents innervating the meninges. Aura migraine is associated with cortical spreading depression (CSD), which is a short-lasting intense wave of neuronal and glial cell depolarization that slowly progresses over the cortex and is followed by long-lasting neuronal activity depression.     

PKD1基因与抑癌基因P53多态性与非综合征性唇腭裂的关联研究

目的:探讨多囊性肾病基因1(polystic kidney disease,PKD1)多态位点rs8049367与抑癌基因P53(anti-oncogene P53)多态位点rs4791774单核苷酸多态性与中国北方人群非综合征性唇腭裂(NSCL/P)的相关性。方法:运用聚合酶链式反应-连接酶检测反应(PCR-LDR)的检测方法,对602例NSCL/P患者和510例对照人群的PKD1基因的rs8049367位点和抑癌基因P53的rs4791774位点进行基因分型。利用SPSS12.0软件分析PKD1基因,抑癌基因P53多态性与NSCL/P的相关性。结果:rs8049367位点和rs4791774位点基因型及基因频率在两组的分布中差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PKD1基因的rs8049367位点和抑癌基因P53的rs4791774位点单核苷酸多态性可能与中国北方人群非综合征性唇腭裂的发生无相关性。     

佛冈县不同类型橘园柑橘木虱的种群动态

[目的] 明确佛冈县不同类型橘园柑橘木虱的种群动态,为当地柑橘木虱及柑橘黄龙病的防治工作提供科学依据。[方法] 通过2015-2016年的系统调查,对广东省佛冈县砂糖橘园的柑橘木虱种群消长动态进行研究,对比分析了不同处理措施对柑橘木虱种群数量的影响。[结果] 1-3月柑橘木虱发生危害较轻,随着嫩梢增多,其种群数量开始上升,6-9月为种群发生高峰期,期间出现多个发生高峰,10月之后种群数量逐渐进入消退期,种群数量维持在较低水平;2015、2016年佛冈县柑橘木虱的季节性消长动态基本一致,但种群发生量存在明显差别;3种不同类型橘园内柑橘木虱种群发生数量也存在显著差异,常年失管橘园柑橘木虱种群发生数量最高,常规水肥管理橘园次之,二者均显著高于常规水肥管理及化学防治橘园。[结论] 化学防治可在一定程度上控制柑橘木虱的种群数量,及时清理失管橘园对控制柑橘木虱和柑橘黄龙病传播至关重要。