Tunable, monochromatic X-rays: an enabling technology for molecular/cellular imaging and therapy

Pulsed, tunable, monochromatic X-rays hold great potential as a cellular and molecular probe. These beams can be tuned to the binding energy of orbital electrons in atoms, making them extremely useful in diagnostic k-edge imaging and Auger cascade radiotherapy. Their wide tunability makes them ideal for the performance of various techniques as disparate as protein crystallography and three-dimensional, compressionless, monochromatic mammography. Since only the frequency best suited to the task at hand is used, radiation exposure to patients or animals is exceedingly low when compared to standard X-ray techniques.     

乳腺分型及乳腺厚度与全数字化乳腺X线摄影曝光条件及平均腺体剂量的关系

目的：探讨不同乳腺分型（Ⅰ型（脂肪型）、Ⅱ型（致密型）、Ⅲ型（中间型）、Ⅳ型（导管型））、不同乳腺厚度与全数字化乳腺X射线摄影曝光条件（kV、mms）、平均腺体剂量（mGy）之间的关系。方法：回顾性分析2009年9月-2010年6月间采用德国Siemens公司MAMMOMAT Novation DR全数字化乳腺摄影系统、自动曝光控制模式下摄影所获得的2000例头尾位和内外侧斜位乳腺片,分析7840幅Ⅰ级乳腺照片中不同乳腺分型、不同乳腺厚度的曝光条件、平均腺体剂量,以研究乳腺分型及乳腺厚度与全数字化乳腺X线摄影曝光条件及平均腺体剂量的关系。结果：当乳腺厚度相同时,Ⅱ型（致密型）乳腺的曝光条件及平均腺体剂量最大,Ⅳ型（导管型）次之,Ⅲ型（中间型）再次之,Ⅰ型（脂肪型）乳腺的曝光条件及平均腺体剂量最小。无论何种乳腺分型,随着乳腺厚度的增加,全数字化乳腺X射线摄影曝光条件及平均腺体剂量随之增加。结论：乳腺分型及乳腺厚度与全数字化乳腺X射线摄影曝光条件及平均腺体剂量关系密切,乳腺腺体组织越致密、厚度越厚,其曝光条件及平均腺体剂量就越大。     

全数字化X线摄影联合MR 动态增强检查诊断早期乳腺癌的 临床价值研究

摘要目的：分析早期乳腺癌的全数字X 线摄影与MRI影像学表现,评价全数字X 线摄影联合MRI 检查在早期乳腺癌诊断中的 临床价值。方法：回顾性分析2009 年10 月至2012 年5月在我院经穿刺或手术病理证实为早期乳腺癌的42例患者的临床资料, 术前均行数字X线及动态增强MR 检查,比较两种方法单独使用和联合使用的诊断乳腺癌的准确率。结果：全数字化X 线摄片 诊断早期乳腺癌的准确率为69.0%(29/42),动态增强MR 检查为95.2%(40/42),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两者联合使 用诊断早期乳腺癌的准确率为97.6%(41/42)。结论：动态增强MR 检查对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值明显优于全数字X线摄影,但后 者对微小钙化显示较好,两者联合可提高诊断正确率,尤其对多腺体型和致密型乳腺的早期乳腺癌的检出具有重要的价值。     

Dépistage du cancer du sein

The purpose of this article is to remind why and how the screening mammographic program has been developed in France, and generalized in 2004, and to explain what is the BI-RADS of ACR. Perspectives on emerging new technologies that may change breast cancer screening will be discussed.     

Benign mucocele-like lesion of the breast: how to differentiate from mucinous carcinoma before surgery.

The aim of the study was to improve the pre-operative diagnosis of mammary mucinous lesions. All mucinous lesions detected by fine needle aspiration (FNA) and confirmed by histological examination were reviewed by cytological findings, mammographic appearances and sonographic findings. Twenty aspirates had corresponding pathology, including 12 mucinous carcinomas, two mucocele-like lesions (MLL) with atypical ductal hyperplasia, three MLL with ductal hyperplasia and three simple MLL. Simple MLL and mucocele-like with ductal hyperplasia showed scant cellularity, no or rare intact single tumour cells, monolayered arrangement and absence of nuclear atypia. In contrast, most mucinous carcinomas showed higher cellularity, more single tumour cells, three-dimensional clusters, and mild to marked nuclear atypia. However, MLL with atypical ductal hyperplasia showed cytological features overlapping with mucinous carcinoma. MLL had a non-specific mammographic appearance and showed a cystic lesion on sonography. Mucinous carcinoma appeared as a solid mass on sonography and as a distinct nodule on mammography. Based on the combination of FNA cytology and image findings, benign MLL can be correctly distinguished from mucinous carcinoma before surgery.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌96例影像诊断体会

目的：探讨全数字化乳腺摄影与彩色多普勒相结合对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法：搜集经X线摄影及超声检查并经病理证实为乳腺浸润性导管癌的96例进行回顾性分析。结果：96例乳腺癌中,单发病灶83例,多发病灶13例。采用全数字化X线摄影单独诊断乳腺癌80例,诊断符合率83.33%,采用超声单独诊断乳腺癌87例,诊断符合率90.63%。结论：乳腺X线与超声相结合,诊断乳腺癌95例,诊断符合率99.06%,此二种检查综合诊断,可明显提高乳腺癌的诊断符合率,减少漏诊和误诊。     

乳腺分型及乳腺厚度与全数字化乳腺X 线摄影曝光条件 及平均腺体剂量的关系

目的:探讨不同乳腺分型(Ⅰ型(脂肪型)、Ⅱ型(致密型)、Ⅲ型(中间型)、Ⅳ型(导管型))、不同乳腺厚度与全数字化乳腺X射线摄影曝光条件(kV、mAs)、平均腺体剂量(mGy)之间的关系。方法:回顾性分析2009年9月~2010年6月间采用德国Siemens公司MAMMOMAT Novation DR全数字化乳腺摄影系统、自动曝光控制模式下摄影所获得的2 000例头尾位和内外侧斜位乳腺片,分析7 840幅Ⅰ级乳腺照片中不同乳腺分型、不同乳腺厚度的曝光条件、平均腺体剂量,以研究乳腺分型及乳腺厚度与全数字化乳腺X线摄影曝光条件及平均腺体剂量的关系。结果:当乳腺厚度相同时,Ⅱ型(致密型)乳腺的曝光条件及平均腺体剂量最大,Ⅳ型(导管型)次之,Ⅲ型(中间型)再次之,Ⅰ型(脂肪型)乳腺的曝光条件及平均腺体剂量最小。无论何种乳腺分型,随着乳腺厚度的增加,全数字化乳腺X射线摄影曝光条件及平均腺体剂量随之增加。结论:乳腺分型及乳腺厚度与全数字化乳腺X射线摄影曝光条件及平均腺体剂量关系密切,乳腺腺体组织越致密、厚度越厚,其曝光条件及平均腺体剂量就越大。