基于系统发生探讨绿带翠凤蝶和西番翠凤蝶的分类地位(英文)

绿带翠凤蝶和西番翠凤蝶的分类问题存在一定的争议。应用分子系统学方法对这一问题进行了研究。对6个不同地区的24个绿带翠凤蝶、2个地区的16个西番翠凤蝶个体的COI(579bp)和COII(655bp)基因测序,绿带翠凤蝶与西番翠凤蝶的遗传距离为0至0.6%,共获得了15个单倍型。结果显示这些单倍型不能形成各自独立的单系群,因此认为绿带翠凤蝶和西番翠凤蝶为近期分化的两个种。     

金银忍冬花粉离体萌发初探

以金银忍冬[Loniceramaackü(Rupr.)Maxim.]为试材,研究了不同种类糖、硼酸、钙离子、pH值、光照等单因子对花粉萌发的影响.结果表明,培养基中分别含有25%的蔗糖、0.01%的硼离子、0.02%～0.05%的钙离子以及pH6.7时较适合金银忍冬的花粉萌发,萌发率分别为85.63%、59.23%、78.12%和75.27%;培养基中不同种类的糖对花粉萌发的影响不同,以乳糖最适宜,其次是葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖;在光照(0.5625 μmol m-2s-1)与黑暗下培养,金银忍冬花粉的萌发率没有明显的变化,但黑暗条件更利于花粉管的生长.金银忍冬花粉在含有25%蔗糖、0.01%硼离子、0.02%钙离子、pH为6.7的培养基上光照培养3 d,其花粉萌发率均达到80%以上,最高的萌发率可达88.1%.     

Foliar Nutrient Dynamics and Resorption in Naturalized Lonicera maackii (Caprifoliaceae) Populations in Ohio,USA

Foliar phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations and nutrient resorption in the forest understory shrub Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim (Caprifoliaceae) were measured along contiguous topographic gradients in two southwestern Ohio forests during 1992–1994. Mean summer foliar P varied significantly among topographic positions (but not sites or years), with uplands having greatest P concentrations and bottomlands exhibiting the lowest. Unlike for P, the mean summer foliar N concentrations varied little among sites, topographic positions, and years. Mean absolute and proportional P resorption ranged from 0.48 mg/dm² (33.7%) in slope positions to 0.80 mg/dm² (53.1%) in bottomland positions. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) for P resorption indicated significant topographic and year effects, a site × year and a site × year × topographic interaction. Mean absolute and proportional foliar N resorption ranged from 6.82 mg/dm² (30.7%) in bottomlands to 8.41 mg/dm² (37.3%) in slope positions. RMANOVA indicated a significant topographic effect for both absolute and proportional N resorption and a significant year effect for absolute N resorption. These significant year effects for P and N stemmed from lowest resorption of nutrients in 1993. The results for P resorption support the hypothesis that foliar resorption is greater in forested sites with lower P fertility. However, resorption rates for N did not support the hypothesis clearly, as slopes with intermediate N availability had greater N resorption rates than did N-rich bottomlands.     

金银忍冬果实非环烯醚萜苷类化学成分研究

本文首次对金银忍冬果实中非环烯醚萜苷类化学成份进行研究,利用柱层析、薄层层析、重结晶、色谱技术等分离手段,从其氯仿提取物的石油醚、丙酮溶解部分,分离得到17个化合物,经理化性质和波谱数据分析,鉴定了17个化合物。     

土壤镉污染对四种阔叶树苗木叶绿素荧光特性和生长的影响

采用盆栽方法研究了土壤镉污染对白牛槭、刺玫果、金银忍冬和东北山梅花叶绿素荧光参数及生物量的影响.设置0、50、100和200 mg·kg^-1风干土4种镉浓度处理,测定苗木在不同镉浓度土壤中生长70 d后的叶绿素荧光参数.结果表明,随着镉处理浓度的提高,4种树种的F_v/F_m、ΦPSⅡ和qP均逐渐降低,qN则逐渐上升.4种苗木在一个生长季中的生物量累积随着镉浓度的增大逐渐降低.树种间荧光参数和生物量的变化幅度不同,白牛槭的变幅最大.刺玫果最小;以叶绿素荧光参数和生物量评价4树种抗镉污染能力,刺玫果最强、白牛槭最弱.     

长绿期金银木耐寒生理机制研究

以自然条件下生长的长绿期金银木和金银木为材料,调查其落叶时间和绿期天数.并测定了其绿叶期间叶片相对电导率、含水量、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸等指标的变化.探讨长绿期金银木低温抗性与生理指标的关系.结果表明:长绿期金银木比金银木生长期长23～31 d.低温胁迫后,长绿期金银木的自由水与束缚水比值比金银木低,相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量比金银木增加幅度小,而可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸等渗透调节物质含量比金银木增加幅度大且速度快.具有更强的渗透调节能力.结果发现,长绿期金银木在低温环境下能更有效地降低体内生长代谢水平.提高叶片渗透调节物质含量,从而表现出比金银木更强的耐寒性,保持更长的绿期.     

Cirsium japonicum var. maackii and apigenin block Hif‐2α‐induced osteoarthritic cartilage destruction

Although Hif‐2α is a master regulator of catabolic factor expression in osteoarthritis development, Hif‐2α inhibitors remain undeveloped. The aim of this study was to determine whether Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (CJM) extract and one of its constituents, apigenin, could attenuate the Hif‐2α‐induced cartilage destruction implicated in osteoarthritis progression. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that CJM reduced the IL‐1β‐, IL‐6, IL‐17‐ and TNF‐α‐induced up‐regulation of MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5 and COX‐2 and blocked osteoarthritis development in a destabilization of the medial meniscus mouse model. Activation of Hif‐2α, which directly up‐regulates MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS4, IL‐6 and COX‐2 expression, is inhibited by CJM extract. Although cirsimarin, cirsimaritin and apigenin are components of CJM and can reduce inflammation, only apigenin effectively reduced Hif‐2α expression and inhibited Hif‐2α‐induced MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS4, IL‐6 and COX‐2 expression in articular chondrocytes. IL‐1β induction of JNK phosphorylation and IκB degradation, representing a critical pathway for Hif‐2α expression, was completely blocked by apigenin in a concentration‐dependent manner. Collectively, these effects indicate that CJM and one of its most potent constituents, apigenin, can lead to the development of therapeutic agents for blocking osteoarthritis development as novel Hif‐2α inhibitors.     

不同栽植密度对斑叶稠李苗木培育质量的影响

以斑叶稠李（Padus maackii）1年生苗木为研究对象,通过4种不同栽植密度（60、80、100、120 株·m^-2）试验,测定其苗木形态、生物量、光合速率及养分含量,旨在探明不同密度对斑叶稠李苗木生长及养分含量的影响,为其高质量苗木培育提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）栽植密度显著影响苗木生物量,各密度下苗木根、茎、叶生物量由大到小顺序均为80 株·m^-2 > 60 株·m^-2 > 100 株·m^-2 > 120 株·m^-2;60和80 株·m^-2密度下斑叶稠李苗木质量指数显著高于100和120 株·m^-2密度处理。（2）栽植密度显著影响苗木侧根数,在80 株·m^-2的密度下达到最大;（3）80 株·m^-2密度较其它密度显著提高了苗木氮、磷、钾养分含量。（4）叶生物量、根生物量和侧根数与苗木各质量指标间Pearson相关性系数均达到了显著水平（P<0.1）,而光合速率和主根长与苗木各质量指标均不相关（P>0.1）。综合以上结果,斑叶稠李1年生苗木最适栽植密度为80 株·m^-2,且密度处理主要影响斑叶稠李苗木叶生物量、侧根数及根生物量指标,进而影响苗木质量。     

金银忍冬雌雄配子体发育的解剖学研究

对金银忍冬(Lonicera maackii(Rupr.)Maxim)大、小孢子的发生和雌、雄配子体的发育过程进行了研究,结果表明:(1)4月上中旬,幼嫩的花粉囊壁由表皮、纤维层、中层和绒毡层共4层细胞组成,绒毡层类型为变形绒毡层。4月15日左右小孢子母细胞进行减数分裂形成四面体型四分体,四分体时期后,部分小孢子为空瘪状态。4月23-26日即将开花时形成三细胞型的成熟花粉。(2)子房三心皮,中轴胎座,胚珠倒生,单珠被,薄珠心。4月下旬开花前发育形成成熟胚囊,胚囊的发育为蓼型,合点端具有承珠盘。研究结果表明金银忍冬雌雄配子体的发育均属正常。