鹤次睾吸虫新种描述（复殖目：后睾科）

１９８７年１０月１５日,在武汉市动物园一只丹顶鹤胆囊中检获复殖目、后睾科、次睾属吸虫１３条。经与本属相近虫种的比较研究定为一新种,并命名为鹤次睾吸虫,新种Ｍｅｔｏｒｃｈｉｓ ｇｒｕｓｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

丹顶鹤胆囊的显微观察

应用光镜及透射电镜观察一例成体雄性丹顶鹤胆囊。结果表明,丹顶鹤胆囊粘粘膜、肌层和外膜三部分组成。粘膜上皮高柱状、游离端有密集排列的微绒毛,胞质面端有许多粘液颗粒,说明上皮细胞具有吸收功能并可分泌粘液。     

鹅观草属三个物种及其居群间的醇溶蛋白分析

利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(APAGE)对小麦族鹅观草属3个物种:毛叶鹅观草、纤毛鹅观草和竖立鹅观草进行了醇溶蛋白电泳分析,23份材料电泳分离出22条相对迁移率不同的谱带,其中3条(16.6%)共同带,19条(83.4%)具多态性,每个材料可分离出9～16条谱带。结果表明:(1)三个物种具有相似的醇溶蛋白带型,但存在明显的种间差异;(2)同种不同居群间也存在遗传差异;(3)种间差异大于种内差异。     

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF TEMPERATURE SHOCKS ON OVERWINTERING MATURE LARVAE OF PINE NEEDLE GALL MIDGE THECODIPLOSIS JAPONENSIS (DIPTERA: CE-CIDOMYIIDAE)*

Abstract The supercooling points of cold (-10C and -5C) and heat (37 C, 40 C and 45 C) shocked overwintering larvae were nearly the same as that of un-shocked ones (ca. -20C). Temperature shocks enhanced the ability to endure subzero temperature (- 15C, 3 h), and the cold shock treatment had more significant effect on maintaining larval survival than that of heat shock. It is the third insect that heat shock and cold shock enhanced its survival rate under low temperature simultaneously. A special stress protein (MW = 83 kD) was expressed under cold shock at -10 C and heat shock at 40 C or 45 C. It is also a few instances that a stress protein was expressed in the same insect under both heat shock and cold shock simultaneously. Meanwhile, the antioxidant system under different treatments was studied. Rapid cold hardening process had no oxidative stress because of the increase content of reduced glutathione and activity of glutathione reductase, but other treatments had.     

小麦族鹅观草属三个物种的关系研究

通过形态学特征比较、种间杂交、染色体组配对和繁育学资料,探讨鹅观草属拟披碱草组纤毛草系中的三个物种毛叶鹅观草、纤毛鹅观草和竖立鹅观草间的亲缘关系。结果表明毛叶鹅观草与纤毛鹅观草、竖立鹅观草存在一定的生殖障碍,纤毛鹅观草和竖立鹅观草不存在生殖障碍。建议将毛叶鹅观草作为纤毛鹅观草的亚种,而竖立鹅观草作为纤毛鹅观草的变种处理较为适宜。     

越冬松针瘿蚊幼虫整体携脂蛋白 的分离和纯化

采用KBr密度梯度超速离心并结合常规Sepharose CL-4B凝胶柱层析,从越冬松针瘿蚊Thecodiplosis japonensis(Uchida et Inouye) 幼虫整体中,分离并纯化了一种携脂蛋白。这是第二例从昆虫整体分离并纯化出携脂蛋白的报道。采用凝胶柱层析确定该携脂蛋白的相对分子质量为638 kD,它是由分别为240 kD和52 kD的两个亚基组成 。整体分子中含有52.8%的蛋白和47.2%的脂类 。苏丹黑B和希夫氏试剂染色显示阳性,说明它是一种糖脂复合蛋白。采用超速离心确定它的密度为1.11 g/mL,表明它是一种高密度的脂蛋白。     

松针瘿蚊越冬幼虫体内酶活性的时序变化

昆虫的越冬耐寒过程与糖酵解、磷酸己糖途径和抗冻保护性物质合成等一些中间代谢有关的酶有关。该文对松针瘿蚊Thecodiplosis japonensis老熟幼虫1998/1999越冬期间体内上述代谢酶活性的变化进行了研究。越冬期间体内糖原磷酸化酶活性明显地增加,糖酵解有关的酶（己糖激酶、乳酸脱氢酶和醛缩酶）活性较低,以保证更多的碳源（糖原）转化成海藻糖。越冬期间,体内葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性增高所产生的还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH),可为细胞在亚低温状态下发挥正常功能以及体内抗冻保护性物质的合成提供还原动力,同时通过调节体内海藻糖酶活性来维持越冬期间较高含量的海藻糖和移除春季体内累积的过多的海藻糖。     

Temperature-dependent post-diapause development and prediction of spring emergence of the pine needle gall midge (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae)

Abstract:  We determined the influence of temperature on post-diapause development of overwintered Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae) under various treatments (12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30°C) in an effort to predict its spring emergence. Survival and developmental period for the overwintered larvae and pupae were significantly influenced by temperature. Linear and nonlinear regression models quantitatively described temperature-dependent development and survival of T. japonensis . The survival models exhibited right-skewed bell shape patterns for all stages, indicating a more detrimental impact on survival at high temperatures. Theoretical optimum temperatures with highest survival were 22.3, 24.0 and 24.0°C for the overwintered larvae, pupae and total post-diapause development (the larvae to adults) respectively. Pupal mortality was higher at all temperatures than larval mortality and the suitable range of temperature for pupae was narrower than that of larvae. The nonlinear Briere model estimated that optimum temperatures with the fastest development were 29.1°C for larvae, 27.6°C for pupae and 27.0°C for larvae to adults. In a linear model, the lower threshold temperatures were 5.1, 7.1 and 5.9°C for larvae, pupae, and larvae to adults respectively. A predictive degree-day model was developed using trap catches of T. japonensis adult emergence during 1991–1995. The model accounted for 84.6% of year-to-year variation in adult emergence and predicted accurately the median emergence time in 1996.     

温度胁迫下越冬松针瘿蚊(Thecodiplosis japonensis)幼虫的生理生化机制(英文)

松针瘿蚊是韩国林业爆发性害虫,以 ３龄老熟幼虫在地表越冬。经冷休克（－１０ ℃和－５ ℃）和热休克（３７℃、４０℃和４５℃）处理的越冬幼虫与正常幼虫具有相同的过冷却点,保持在－２０℃左右。温度胁迫可以提高对亚致死温度（－１５℃、３ ｈ）的耐受性。对于存活率的提高,冷休克处理比热休克处理更有效。这是冷热休克能同时提高虫体亚致死温度的耐受性的第三例报道。在冷休克（－１０℃）和热休克（４０℃和４５℃）处理后,老熟幼虫表达一种特异的胁迫蛋白,分子量为 ８３ ｋＤ。本文还研究了温度胁迫对越冬老熟幼虫体内酶促与非酶促抗氧化系统的影响。温度胁迫使老熟幼虫产生氧化胁迫,而快速冷耐受（ｒａｐｉｄ ｃｏｌｄｈａｒａｅｎｉｎｇ）处理,由于体内谷胱甘肽含量的提高以及谷胱甘肽还原酶活性的增高,使之不发生氧化胁迫反应。     

我国丹顶鹤栖息地选择研究进展

丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)是我国Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,被世界自然保护联盟列为濒危物种。本研究通过搜集和整理2000至2017年丹顶鹤栖息地选择和生境适宜性相关文献,分析了丹顶鹤在繁殖期、迁徙期、越冬期的栖息地选择,发现丹顶鹤在这三个时期的最偏好生境均为芦苇沼泽或芦苇滩,回避人为干扰较为严重的居民点、道路、盐田等生境。通过梳理丹顶鹤繁殖地、中途停歇地、越冬地的栖息地变化及其原因,发现丹顶鹤栖息地变化是自然因素和人为因素共同驱动的结果,以人为因素为主。本研究希望为科学评价栖息地变化对丹顶鹤野生种群的影响、针对性地开展栖息地保护管理工作、促进丹顶鹤野生种群健康可持续发展提供依据。