夜间低温胁迫对两种生长光强下藤黄幼苗叶片荧光特征和活性氧代谢的影响

对两种不同生长光强下（自然光的8％和50％）西双版纳热带雨林木本植物藤黄（Garcinia han-buryi）幼苗经夜间低温（4℃）处理后荧光特性和活性氧代谢的研究结果表明,低温使藤黄叶片光合机构PSⅡ原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ非环式电子传递的量子效率（ФPSⅡ）、非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）下降,原初荧光（F0）上升。低温胁迫消除后,生长在50％光强下藤黄叶片的Fv/Fm和F0在3d后仍不能完全恢复,而生长在8％光强下藤黄叶片的Fv/Fm和F0基本恢复,说明低温使生长在8％光强下藤黄的光合机构PSⅡ反应中心受到可逆失活,而生长在50％光强下藤黄的光合机构受到氧化伤害。随着低温胁迫时间的延长,两种生长光强藤黄叶片活性氧保护酶（SOD,CAT,APX）的活性虽升高,但O2^-的生成速率、H2O2和MDA含量积累增加。而在恢复阶段,生长在8％光强比生长在50％光强下藤黄叶片的活性氧含量下降得快,进一步说明生长在高光强的植物比生长在低光强的植物受低温伤害大。     

RESPONSE OF PROROCENTRUM MARIAE-LEBOURIAE (DINOPHYCEAE) TO LIGHT OF DIFFERENT SPECTRAL QUALITIES AND IRRADIANCES: GROWTH AND PIGMENTATION1

Growth and pigment concentrations of the, estuarine dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum mariae-lebouriae (Parke and Ballantine) comb. nov., were measured in cultures grown in white, blue, green and red radiation at three different irradiances. White irradiances (400–800 nm) were 13.4, 4.0 and 1.8 W · m^?2 with photon flux densities of 58.7 ± 3.5, 17.4 ± 0.6 and 7.8 ± 0.3 μM quanta · m^?2· s^?1, respectively. All other spectral qualities had the same photon flux densities. Concentrations of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c were inversely related to irradiance. A decrease of 7- to 8-fold in photon flux density resulted in a 2-fold increase in chlorophyll a and c and a 1.6- to 2.4-fold increase in both peridinin and total carotenoid concentrations. Cells grown in green light contained 22 to 32% more peridinin per cell and exhibited 10 to 16% higher peridinin to chlorophyll a ratios than cells grown in white light. Growth decreased as a function of irradiance in white, green and red light grown cells but was the same at all blue light irradiances. Maximum growth rates occurred at 8 μM quanta · m^?2· s^?1 in blue light, while in red and white light maximum growth rates occurred at considerably higher photon flux densities (24 to 32 μM quanta · m^?2· s^?1). The fastest growth rates occurred in blue and red radiation. White radiation producing maximum growth was only as effective as red and blue light when the photon flux density in either the red or blue portion of the white light spectrum was equivalent to that of a red or of blue light treatment which produced maximum growth rates. These differences in growth and pigmentation indicate that P. mariae-lebouriae responds to the spectral quality under which it is grown.     

利用碳氮稳定同位素技术分析东海银鲳食性

利用稳定同位素技术分析了东海银鲳(Pampus argenteus)及其可能摄食饵料的碳、氮稳定同位素比值,以期探讨东海银鲳可能的食物来源.结果表明:东海区银鲳平均碳(813C)和氮(δ15N)稳定同位素比值分别为-18.22‰、8.16‰,其可能摄食饵料的δ13C值变化范围为-17.33‰～-21.58‰,差值为4.25‰,δ15N值变化范围为3.89‰～7.96‰,差值为4.07‰;东海银鲳可能的食物来源主要为箭虫、虾类、水母类、头足类、仔稚鱼和浮游动物等,其中箭虫为主要可能的食物来源,其贡献率为24%～78%,平均贡献率为57%;银鲳可能摄食的其他饵料中,贡献率从大到小依次为虾类、水母类、头足类、仔稚鱼、＞1000 μm浮游动物、500～1000 μm浮游动物和100～500 μm浮游动物,其平均贡献率分别为11.8%、8.4%、7.1%、5.0%、4.9%、3.2%和2.6%.由以上结果可知,银鲳是一种广食性鱼类,其饵料种类较多,碳和氮的来源均较为复杂.     

不同光强条件下树木释放N2O的研究

首次采用封闭罩法,对阳生树木（水曲柳,红松和赤杨）及阴生树木（椴树）的连体及离体枝叶在不同光强下的N2O释放进行了野外原位观测。结果表明,阳生树木与阴性树木的N2O释放对光的反应不同,阳生树木的N2O释放受光强的调节规律同以往对农作物等的研究结果一致;而阴生树木椴树的N2O速率在强光下N2O释放较多,弱光下释放减少甚至吸收大气N2O,其N2O释放速率与光强呈显著线性正相关关系。     

EFFECT OF IRRADIANCE ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE PROCESSES DURING THE CELL CYCLE IN SCENEDESMUS ARMATUS (CHLOROPHYTA)1

Synchronized populations of the chlorococcal alga Scenedesmus armatus (Chod.) Chod. were grown under five irradiance levels. During the cell cycles of these populations, reproductive processes such as DNA replication, nuclear division, protoplast fission, and daughter cell release and growth processes such as RNA and protein accumulation were followed. The amount of RNA and proteins increased stepwise with a short time interval between individual steps during which the rate of RNA and protein accumulation decreased. At each of the steps, the amount of RNA and protein approximately doubled and the number of steps increased with irradiance. At the end of each of the growth steps, a commitment to trigger the sequence of reproductive events (DNA replication, nuclear division, protoplast fission) was attained. After attaining the commitment point, the cells were able to trigger and terminate the whole reproductive sequence without any further growth, that is, even in the dark when the external supply of energy was cut off. With increasing irradiance, the number of commitment points attained during one cell cycle increased from one to four. Consequently, one to four sequences of the reproductive steps were triggered, and each of them ended by doubling the reproductive structures, which resulted in the formation of 2, 4, 8, or 16 daughter cells. The length of the precommitment periods shortened with increasing irradiance as the result of an increasing rate in growth. The length of postcommitment periods showed light independence and remained constant at the range of irradiances at which the number of growth steps and, consequently, the number of sequences of reproductive events did not change. At higher irradiances, the number of sequences of reproductive events increased, which caused a prolongation of postcommitment periods. The length of the cell cycle varied as a result of this distinct effect of irradiance on pre- and postcommitment periods.