Phytopathological strategies to combat some diseases of plantain for improved nutrition,income generation and poverty alleviation

The problem of micronutrient deficiencies in the diet of indigenous people of Imo State can be solved not only by improving the diet, but also by identifying nutritious foods as well as making such foods available both in quantities and qualities that needed to improve health. Plantain is widely consumed in many ways such as baked, fried, boiled, steamed, dried or eaten raw and the management demand for plantain make production expensive and out of the reach of resource for poor indigenes. Plantain production must cope with numerous environmental challenges particularly with fungal, bacteria, viral and nematode pathogens as well as pests and non-pathogenic diseases which reduce plantain production. Plantain is highly rich in iron, zinc and β-carotene whose deficiencies are commonly reported in children and women of reproductive age. The most serious disease of plantain is the black Sigatoka caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis. Others include Fusarium wilt, anthracnose, bacteria wilt, fruit rot, burrowing nematode Radopholus similis and bract mosaic. There had been scientific approaches to combat these diseases such as use of chemicals, biological enhancement, crop sanitation, use of alternative and collateral hosts as well as genetic manipulations.     

蜜环菌多糖的生物合成与发酵条件的相关性

培养基的碳、氮源,ＰＨ值直接影响蜜环菌多糖的生物合成,泥炭水解液的添加量占培养基的１０％～３９％（Ｖ／Ｖ）时,对蜜环菌多糖的生物合成有促进作用。液体振范培养时,蜜环菌生长形成球形菌丝体,菌丝生物量３．４５ｇ／Ｌ,菌丝多糖（精糖）得率为０．２８４％,而静置液体培养有利于菌索形成,菌素生物量１４．０５ｇ／Ｌ,菌索多糖（精糖）得率为０．５１５％,胞外多糖的得率分别为２９．４％和８．３％     

Investigating the Shear Strength of Biologically Improved Soil Using Two Types of Bacteria

Many types of researches have been carried out on sandy soils to improve the fertility through bacteria. In this regard, after measuring the activity of urease enzymes in urea bacterial sediments, calcium carbonate was applied in Sirjan soil (southeast of Iran), and the native bacteria of this soil were isolated. The strains of these microorganisms, because of the Come and aridity in the region and the severity of the environmental conditions in the area, have a greater resistance to chemical and physical factors and are compatible with the environment of this region. In this study, we tried to use two types of soil bacteria: one is Sporosaercina pasturii, many researchers have been working on this bacterium and the effects of soil improvement, and another is the native bacterium found in Sirjan soil (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain Nima). Thirty samples were taken in the same conditions and experiments to evaluate the use of native bacteria of Sirjan in soil remediation by direct shear testing, seismic electronic microscopy, and microscopic scanning (SEM) were performed on the samples. The treatment period for this study was 28?days. The results showed that the angle of internal friction increased for the treated A. calcoaceticus Nima (42%) and S. paturii (39%) compared to untreated samples. Also, adhesion between particles increased by 14.5 times for A. calcoaceticus Nima and 13.5 times for S. paturii. Finally, shear strength for soil treatment increased by4.6 times for A. calcoaceticus Nima and 3.9 times for S. pasturii. The use of indigenous strains in the natural environment due to the adaptation of strains to environmental conditions can increase the production of bio-cementation. It is, therefore, possible to use native bacteria for biologically improved soil as an appropriate alternative rather than traditional methods due to environmental problems.     

围手术期流程化进阶管理的思考

通过对某三甲医院在2013年8月—2014年1月期间手术室手术间的利用情况、首台手术开始时间的调研,对医院目前实施围手术期流程化进阶管理需求因素的论述以及对手术室管理、科室间协调等需要解决的关健性问题的分析,以期对医院围手术期流程的运行情况不断给予改进和优化,提高运营效率。     

Research on the adaptive mechanism of photosynthetic apparatus under salt stress: New directions to increase crop yield in saline soils

Photosynthesis is the largest organic synthesis on Earth, salinity limits crop yield and quality worldwide directly or indirectly related to the decrease in photosynthetic efficiency. The mechanism by which photosynthetic apparatus responds to salt stress is extremely complex and varies with plant genotype, developmental stage, the history of the plant cell and duration of stress imposed. Recent studies have partially revealed the mechanisms from different levels: molecular, physiological and biochemical, morphological; but there is currently no unified mechanism to explain the effect of stress on photosynthesis. This study comprehensively reviews the adaptive mechanism of photosynthetic apparatus under salt stress, summarises methods for increasing the resistance and provides a practical way to increase grain yield in saline soils.     

用改良苯酚品红染色液替代醋酸洋红染色液的研究

以往在动物遗传学实验“果蝇唾液腺染色体标本的制作和观察”中,采用醋酸洋红染色液对染色体染色。本文对用改良苯酚品红染色液替代醋酸洋红染色液对果蝇唾液腺染色体染色的问题进行了研究。结果表明,改良苯酚品红染色液对果蝇唾液腺染色体的染色效果与醋酸染洋红染色液的染色效果是相同的。而且用改良苯酚品红染色液还人提高工效,简易节约的优点。因此认为,在对果蝇唾液腺染色体染色中,用改良苯酚品红染色液替代酸酸洋红染色液     

Extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve transection in rats

Peripheral nerve injury results in limited nerve regeneration and severe functional impairment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a remarkable tool for peripheral nerve regeneration. The involvement of human umbilical cord MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (hUCMSC‐EVs) in peripheral nerve regeneration, however, remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated functional recovery and nerve regeneration in rats that received hUCMSC‐EV treatment after nerve transection. We observed that hUCMSC‐EV treatment promoted the recovery of motor function and the regeneration of axons; increased the sciatic functional index; resulted in the generation of numerous axons and of several Schwann cells that surrounded individual axons; and attenuated the atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle. hUCMSC‐EVs aggregated to rat nerve defects, down‐regulated interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β, up‐regulated IL‐10 and modulated inflammation in the injured nerve. These effects likely contributed to the promotion of nerve regeneration. Our findings indicate that hUCMSC‐EVs can improve functional recovery and nerve regeneration by providing a favourable microenvironment for nerve regeneration. Thus, hUCMSC‐EVs have considerable potential for application in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.     

有机生态菌发酵床养鸡

利用有机生态菌对发酵床养鸡技术进行了试验研究,结果表明：采用有机生态菌制剂养鸡具有无臭味、无污染、可提高鸡的免疫力等优点,同时省工省饲料,经济效益明显提高。